Animal Encyclopedia Guides-Comprehensive Animal Science Guides - Animals Top 10

Plants with naked seeds - gymnosperms

When the ferns of the Paleozoic Era formed the first primeval forests on earth, gymnosperms, which were more advanced th···

Plants with leaves that look like sheep's teeth - ferns

The leaves of modern ferns all look like sheep's teeth, so the earliest scientists who studied them called them "ferns".···

The earliest land "producer"

When the American paleobotanist Letariak was analyzing and studying the Late Ordovician ancient soil in Pennsylvania, he···

The form and life of graptolite (representative of ancient hemichordates)

Hemichordates are also called "cryptozoans" and they all live in the ocean. Their most striking feature is a nerve cord ···

How did insect wings evolve?

Fossil evidence shows that the earliest winged insects appeared in the late Carboniferous period. That was about 300 mil···

The origin of insects (the earliest fliers)

The oldest insect fossil is a wingless springtail insect found in the middle Devonian strata 350 million years ago. The ···

The Trilobite World of the Cambrian

As early as more than 300 years ago during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, a man named Zhang Huadong discovere···

The evolutionary history of echinoderms

In the aquarium, you will be dazzled by the colorful fish and various other aquatic animals. However, you will definitel···

Molluscs in Ancient and Modern Times

Molluscs are a category with a very large number and variety of invertebrates. There are 120,000 modern species and foss···

Algae in modern ecosystems

Algae are the lower types of the plant kingdom. There are many kinds of them, with an estimated 18,000 species, belongin···

The evolution of ancient bryozoans

Bryos and mosses in plants are two different things! They are a type of primitive aquatic group animals with tiny indivi···

Habits and classification of brachiopods

Brachiopods are a large group of shelled invertebrates that live on the seabed. Their two-valved shells are of different···

Characteristics of worms

More than 300 years ago in the 18th century, the systematic classification of biology was still very imperfect. Lin Nai,···

The evolution of ancient coelenterates

In addition to corals, coelenterates also include polyps and jellyfish. Both coelenterates and sponges are diploblasts, ···

Coral types and ecological characteristics

There are a group of beautiful islands in the mainland of the motherland and south of Hainan Island, scattered like jade···

Habits and distribution of ancient cup animals

Archaeocybeans appeared in the early Cambrian period and were extinct by the Jurassic. There is no modern creature that ···

Classification and distribution of sponges

Sponges are the simplest structure and the most primitive form among multicellular animals. They have appeared before th···

Tintin worm morphology and living habits

Radiolarians and foraminifera are both protozoa, and they belong to the phylum Protozoa of Sarcopodia. In addition to Sa···

The evolution and role of foraminifera

Foraminifera are a type of tiny single-cell protozoa with pseudopods. Most of them have a hard shell made of minerals. T···

Radiolarian life history

Radiolarians are single-celled protozoa floating in the ocean. They are named after their radially arranged thread-like ···

Discovery of the smallest mammal, the holocephalon

Dr. Zhexi Luo, a Chinese-American paleontologist, recently published a latest research result in the American magazine S···

Continental drift and plate theory and paleontology

At the beginning of the 20th century, the German scientist Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift based on the···

The relationship between living things and the environment

Fish cannot live without water, vegetation cannot live without the sun, bees need nectar, and germs need a host. The sur···

Systems and classification of living things

All different kinds of living things on earth have more or less common characteristics, and the usual explanation for th···