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Procypris rabaudi

2022-11-20 15:04:41 207

The Latin name of rock carp is Procypris rabaudi, and its foreign name is Rock carp. It is a high-quality economic fish.

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The rock carp is a wide-temperature fish, and its survival water temperature is 1.5℃-37℃, the living temperature range is 2~ 36℃, and the most suitable feeding temperature is 18~30℃. When the water temperature is above 8-9℃, they start to eat, but the amount of food they eat accounts for a small proportion of their body weight, about 0.3%-0.5%. When the water temperature is above 31-31.5℃, their appetite is significantly reduced. When the water temperature exceeds 35℃, they basically stop eating. They can still live normally when the dissolved oxygen is 2.0-2.5 mg/L. The best dissolved oxygen for feeding and growth is above 3 mg/L. When the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water is lower than 0.75-0.93 mg/L, they begin to float. When the dissolved oxygen is lower than 0.55 mg/L, the fish become sluggish, their breathing rate speeds up, and they die. The pH range for normal activities and feeding and growth is 6.5-8.8. When the pH is lower than 5.8 or higher than 9.2, they basically stop eating and growing, and their body color changes to grayish white.

Rock carp mostly live in the bottom of rivers with slow currents and rocky bottoms. They often appear between rocks and hibernate in caves or deep pools in the riverbed in winter. After the beginning of spring, they begin to swim upstream to various tributaries to spawn. The minimum mature age is 4 years old. The spawning period is from February to April, and the peak spawning period is from February to March. According to fishermen, there are also spawning activities of parent fish in autumn (August to September). The spawning grounds are generally distributed under the rapids of tributaries and in the second-stream water with gravel bottom. The eggs are light yellow and adhere to the rocks after they are laid. The growth rate is slow, and generally the 4-year-old fish only reaches about 0.5 kg; the body length of the 10-year-old fish is 59 cm and the weight is 4 kg; the common individuals are 0.2-1.0 kg, and it is recorded that the largest individual can reach 10.0 kg.
Dissecting and observing the feeding and digestive system of the rock carp shows that the shape of its pharyngeal teeth and the length of its intestinal tube are related to its omnivorous and animal-based food. Analysis shows that its food objects include benthic organisms, water earthworms, chironomid larvae, larvae of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, small snails, small fish and shrimps, freshwater shell vegetables and other mollusks, oligochaetes, rotten higher plant fragments, zooplankton, etc.; in artificial breeding, the rock carp can also eat artificial compound bait (containing 40% to 43% protein).

Rock carp has a thick body, a small body cavity, tender meat, delicious taste, few intermuscular spines, high meat content, and rich nutrition. Every 100 grams of meat contains 16 grams of protein, 4.5 grams of fat, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron. It is particularly popular among consumers and is a high-quality and precious edible economic fish.

Due to environmental pollution in rivers, the water conservancy facilities between rivers and lakes have an adverse impact on the ecological environment of fish, and the long-term overfishing and overfishing in natural water bodies have seriously reduced resources. Rock carp is basically on the verge of extinction in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and tributaries. It is now listed as a vulnerable species in the country.

Rock carp is large in size, has a normal growth rate, is omnivorous and carnivorous, has a wide source of feed, and has a high utilization rate of artificial compound feed. It has the advantages of few diseases and wide adaptability. It is suitable for ponds, lakes, reservoirs, intensive breeding in most parts of my country. my country has now successfully carried out research on artificial breeding seedlings and artificial breeding technology of rock carp. Due to its good market prospects and high economic benefits, it can become an artificial breeding variety of freshwater precious fish.

In December 2021, it was included in the third batch of "List of National Key Protected Aquatic Wildlife for Artificial Breeding" by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

Listed in the second level of "List of National Key Protected Wildlife in China". (Wild populations only)


Protect wild animals and stop eating game.

Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!



Distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and in the Jinsha River in Yunnan, it is often found in rivers with rocky bottoms. The type locality of this species is Leshan, Sichuan, and Fengdu, Chongqing.
The body length of the rock carp is 2.83 to 3.21 times the body height, 3.88 to 4.66 times the head length, 5.18 to 6.42 times the tail peduncle length, and 6.45 to 7.57 times the tail peduncle height. The head length is 2.57 to 3.61 times the snout length, 5.04 to 5.86 times the eye diameter, 2.47 to 2.89 times the eye distance, 1.22 to 1.76 times the tail peduncle length, 1.51 to 2.08 times the tail peduncle height, and the tail peduncle length is 1.18 to 1.47 times the tail peduncle height.
The body is laterally flattened and diamond-shaped, with an arc-shaped back and a round abdomen. The head is small and conical, with a pointed snout that is shorter than the head length behind the eye. The mouth is sub-inferior and horseshoe-shaped; the lips are thick, with inconspicuous nipple-like protrusions on the lips, which are completely absent in small fish. There are two pairs of whiskers, the back pair is slightly longer than the front pair, and the diameter of the fish eye is about