Pucrasia macrolopha

The Koklass Pheasant has 10 subspecies.

Male and female spoonbills move alone or in pairs. They are alert and rarely form groups. They also spend the night in pairs on tree branches. The male likes to call in the early morning and evening. Its hoarse voice is like that of a drake, so it is called "mountain duck" in Sichuan, China. In autumn and winter, it forms a small family group. When encountering an alarm, it will lie still and is not easy to be driven away. The sudden sound of gunshots or falling trees will cause several male birds to call loudly. When the male bird is showing off, its ear feathers stand up. It often builds nests on the ground with leaves and weeds. It mainly feeds on plant roots, fruits and seeds. It mainly feeds on the young shoots, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of woody, herbaceous and spruce plants such as spruce, birch, moss, and scaly fern. As many as 43 species have been recorded. In addition, it also eats a small amount of animal food such as insects and snails.

The call of the spoonbill is easily distinguished from other pheasants. The loud, ear-shattering, rough call khwa-kha-kaak or kok-kok-kok…ko-kras can be heard from a distance. It is the second-to-last pitch, but the stress is at the end.

The nest site of the spoonbill is chosen near the edge of the forest, with a moderate slope, facing south or southeast, downhill, and facing the sun; in areas with a wide view, close to water sources and nesting materials, the nest is a ground nest that can shelter from wind and rain; there are perches and sand bathing areas around the nest. The vegetation at the spoonbill's nest is not obviously different from trees, shrubs, and herbs, and there are a certain number of trees, shrubs and grasses.

The breeding season of spoonbill is from the end of April to the beginning of July. The nest is built on the ground with leaves and weeds. The nest is placed on the ground between the bushes and is bowl-shaped. Each nest lays 5-7 eggs, which are white or creamy yellow with irregular light red or brown coarse spots. The female bird is the main incubator, and the incubation period is 26-27 days. The chicks can move independently after hatching. The chicks are very distinctive, with dense down feathers all over the body, chestnut in front of the eyes, above the ears, chestnut upper body, and the rest is chestnut yellow, with a chestnut horizontal band behind the head.

Spoon grouse is widely distributed in the central region of China from the south of Liaoning Province to the southeast of Tibet. Although the distribution area of spoon grouse is large, the distribution area is not continuous, and the number in each place is not large. For example, the density of the Anhui subspecies in Dabie Mountains, Anhui is 0.12-0.23 per hectare; the density of the Shaanxi subspecies in Beichuan, Baoxing, Nanping and other places in Sichuan is 0.02, 0.05 and 0.007 per hectare respectively; the density of the Hebei subspecies in Liupan Mountain, Ningxia is 0.01 per hectare, etc. The main problem facing the species is habitat destruction. The dense population in eastern China, deforestation and agricultural development pose a threat to human behavior such as spoonbill. In addition, it is hunted as food.

On March 26, 2022, when the staff of the Jintongshan Nature Reserve Management Office of the Hunan Nanshan National Park Administration sorted out the image data taken by the infrared camera, they found the first precious video of the spoonbill, a national second-level key protected wild animal, foraging.

In 2022, the field infrared camera in the Hunan Huangsang National Nature Reserve captured the image of the spoonbill, a national second-level protected animal. According to the staff of the reserve, this is the first time that Huangsang has captured a complete film and television record of the spoonbill. The infrared camera captured the activity of the spoonbill on January 6, January 17, and February 2, 2022, respectively, and the location was located in the core area of the reserve at an altitude of about 1,500 meters.

Listed in the 2016 Red List of Threatened Species of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) ver 3.1 - Least Concern (LC).

Listed in China's national key protection level: Level 2 Effective year: 1989

Protect wild animals and eliminate game.

Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!

The distribution of spoonbills is divided into two sections, the western section includes Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, northern India and Nepal; the eastern section is in China. The two sections are discontinuous, and the distribution is also discontinuous in each section. It is distributed in a large area south of North China, from the Himalayas to central and eastern China.
It inhabits coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, rocky slopes with dense shrubs, shrubs at the foot of the mountain, open rocky woodlands, pine forests and rhododendron forests. It lives between high mountains with an altitude of 1500-4000 meters. The habitat altitude migrates up and down with the seasons. It likes to move in low-lying slopes and ditch bushes at the foot of the mountain. In the distribution area, individuals in the west and north make seasonal migrations between 1200-4600 meters above sea level, but in the east they are only found at an altitude of 600-1500 meters.

The male adult has a brown head, with slender crest feathers of the same color but browner, and then a longer black crest with a brilliant green feather edge extending backwards; there is a large white patch (about 20×30 mm) on the side of the neck behind and below the ear feathers; the lower eyelid has a small white spot; the rest of the head, including the chin, throat, etc., are black with a dark green metallic reflection; the throat reflection is poor and pale; the back of the white spot on the side of the neck and the upper part of the back are light brown-yellow, forming a collar ring, with a milky white vertical stripe in the center of the feathers; the upper body feathers are lanceolate, generally purple-gray, with a slightly wider black chestnut vertical stripe on the inner and outer vanes, the two forming a "V" shape, and a pair of vertical stripes formed by insect-like black spots between the two, along both sides of the white feather shaft: on the tail The coverts