How did birds evolve?

The evolution of birds is a complex and long process. Based on the existing fossil records and molecular biology data, scientists speculate that birds may have originated in the late Mesozoic Era about 150 million years ago, when dinosaurs were already widespread on the earth.

Over the next tens of millions of years, some primitive birds gradually appeared and began to develop special structures adapted to flight, such as lightweight bones, feathers, etc. At the same time, their mouths and stomachs gradually change to accommodate different types of food.

Over time, the diversity of birds gradually increased, and different morphological and ecological types emerged. For example, modern ostriches are large and cannot fly, but can run quickly; seagulls, penguins, etc. can swim and dive in the water; the platypus combines the characteristics of mammals and reptiles.

The evolution of birds has also been affected by geological and climatic changes. For example, during the Ice Age, many birds adapted to cold environments and developed downy and thick feathers to keep them warm. As the earth's climate warms, some birds have adapted to tropical and subtropical environments.

In short, the evolution of birds is a complex, long-term process with rich diversity of morphological and ecological types. Through the study of fossil records, molecular biology data, and the characteristics of modern birds, scientists are continuing to understand and explore the mysteries of this evolutionary process.

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