Fish and molluscs living in the water will respond behaviorally to changes in the water environment. Therefore, it is used by environmental experts as a "natural monitor" to monitor water pollution.
The pike has a very sensitive sense of smell and reacts very quickly to harmful substances and gases in the water. Under normal circumstances, the pike will emit 400-800 oscillating pulse signals per minute. Once toxic substances appear in the water, the pulse signal emitted by the pike will produce a corresponding popping sound, and its frequency will subsequently reduce to less than 200 times per minute.
Once young salmon swim into water containing higher concentrations of metal pollutants, they will perform gill movement, causing a pause in ventilation, thus making a sound similar to a "cough". Therefore, this "cough response" has become a sign of biological monitoring of water pollution.
The elephant fish in West Africa lives in turbid river water and has degraded eyes. It relies on the muscles around its tail to emit a series of continuous electrical pulses to collect information about the environment. Typically, elephant fish generate electrical pulses 300-500 times per minute. Once the river water becomes polluted, its electrical pulse rate can soar to more than 1,000 times per minute.
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