Sapajus robustus,

Sapajus robustus (scientific name: Sapajus robustus) English Crested Capuchin, Robust Tufted Capuchin, German Schopfkapuzineraffe, Portuguese Macaco Prego, macaco prego de crista, no subspecies.

Black-crowned macaques are similar to other closely related macaque species, with top-ranking males dominating top-ranking females. Males that rank below the dominant male may also be part of the group, but they are usually at the edge of the group. The diet is broad, including fruits, seeds and arthropods, as well as frogs and even small mammals.

Listed in the "Red List of Endangered Species of the World Conservation Union" (IUCN) 2015 ver3.1-endangered (EN).

Listed in Appendix I, Appendix II and Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 2019 Edition Appendix II.

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It is found in Brazil and is endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome. Its geographical range is bounded by the Jequitinhonha River to the north (Minas Gerais and Bahia), the Jequitinhonha River to the northwest (Minas Gerais), the Serra River to the southwest and the Rio Doce to the southeast (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo). The area is located between the Suaçuí Grand and Santo Antonio rivers in Minas Gerais. The species occurs over an area of ​​more than 119,000 square kilometers.

Males are generally larger than females. The head and body are 33–57 cm long, and the tail is 40–47 cm long; they weigh 2.0–3.8 kg. Unlike other species of macaques, the crested macaque has a cone-shaped crown on the top of its head that is bright red with a black spot. This cone may also continue into black whiskers on the sides of the head. The rest of the fur is brownish red or yellowish brown. The forearms, lower legs, and tail of this species are all black, and females may be a mix of black and light yellow fur in these areas. Females may also have two side tufts of hair on their crown that males do not have.