Chlorocebus djamdjamensis

The Bale Mountain Green Monkey is a medium-sized monkey, with adult males weighing 4-8 kg and an average body length of 500 mm; females weighing 3.5-5 kg ​​and about 450 mm. The top of the head and upper body are covered with thick brown fur with a green tint, and the chest, abdomen and inner sides of the limbs are white. The cheeks are hairless, but there is a circle of thick, soft white hair around them, highlighting the outline of the black skin. Like other monkeys, they have a slender tail. Males and females are dimorphic. Males have brightly colored genitals, with a blue scrotum and a distinctly red penis, and their color combination presents a distinct "red, white, and blue" display.
The snout is prominent, the two jaws are strong, there are 32 teeth, the nostrils are close together facing forward and downward, and the hands and feet have 5 fingers and toes, with flat nails, and can all stand upright. It is diurnal. It has cheek pouches for storing food, low-pointed

Distributed in Ethiopia. It is endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. Its range is restricted to the Bale Mountains and Hagere Selam regions. Bale Mountain green monkeys live in savannas in tropical grassland areas near rivers and streams and prefer to move around near water.

Bale Mountain Green Monkey (scientific name: Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) is also known as Bale Monkey in English. It is a medium-sized monkey.

Bale Mountain Green Monkey often moves on the ground. Sociable. They are good at climbing, running, and swimming. There are large differences in the population, with each group ranging from 7 to 80 individuals. Female Bale Mountain Green Monkeys will stay in the family group when they reach sexual maturity, while adult males will leave their original family. This helps to avoid inbreeding and increase the spread of needed genes. Bale Mountain Green Monkeys have overlapping territories in many habitats. Male Bale Mountain Green Monkeys determine dominance by fighting or displaying their scrotums, and social hierarchy determines how much resources teammates get. Bale Mountain Green Monkeys restrict other males and females from mating and defend their territory, fighting back against males from other tribes entering their own tribe. Such encounters are usually limited by environmental conditions and resource availability. Territorial violations only occur when food is scarce or habitat is becoming increasingly scarce.

Bale Mountain Green Monkeys are highly social animals. Like to live in groups, they are very smart animals. Usually, group members often use ways such as raising eyebrows, squinting eyes, and pouting to communicate emotions. Like other monkeys, Bell Mountain green monkeys often groom each other and like to "catch lice" for each other to show intimacy. Usually, male monkeys groom male monkeys, and female monkeys groom female monkeys. There are fewer cases of "catching lice" between the two sexes. In the breeding season, males and females groom each other, which is a sign of intimacy between spouses.

Bell Mountain green monkeys are very vocal primates. Vocalization is mainly to alert members of the tribe that there is danger. Bell Mountain green monkeys can use different calls to distinguish various enemies and levels of danger, and males can also communicate through body language. Use brightly colored genitals. Or use more subtle communication methods through facial expressions. Studies have shown that facial expressions are related to emotional states. Anger, elation, and even emotional frustration show different facial expressions. Bale Mountain Green Monkeys use facial expressions to indicate danger or satisfaction, depending on the situation.

In the wild, Bale Mountain Green Monkeys have different screams for different dangers, one might indicate a leopard lurking nearby, another might indicate a human threatening it. Because they live in the foliage-covered jungle, they can hear each other's screams but cannot see each other, so they also need to be able to distinguish accents. Bale Mountain Green Monkeys from different families have subtle differences in their accents, which is important, for example, a female animal will be more likely to rescue her own cubs more quickly than if she hears the cries of another species.

Bale Mountain Green Monkeys mainly feed on fruits and leaves. Food resources depend on the year and environmental conditions. In the rainy season, they mainly feed on fruits, while in the dry season, after the dry season or fire, the Bale Mountain Green Monkey will go around the grassland to forage for edible plants, including grass leaves and roots with little nutrition, and also eat bamboo shoots, roots, leaves of young bamboo, flowers and insects. Bale Mountain Green Monkeys usually use cheek pouches to store and carry food. These cheek pouches are present in all members of the monkey family. This behavior protects them from retaining precious food and allows Bale Mountain Green Monkeys to continue collecting food for longer periods of time.

Bale Mountain Green Monkeys have a male-dominated, polygamous mating system. They breed once a year and can breed in any season of the year, usually when the area they live in enters a heavy rainfall pattern. Abundant rainfall provides an ample food source and also allows the exponential growth of nutritional resources. This special breeding season is adapted to the advantages of abundant resources. Females reach sexual maturity at 4 years old, and the gestation period is usually between 163 and 165 days, with one baby born per year. From birth, the female monkey carries her offspring tightly on her body. She cares for her young for about a year until they are completely weaned and independent. The life span in captivity is about 11-13 years.

The main threat to the survival of this species is the continuous loss and degradation of its habitat. For example, human reclamation of farmland, road construction, planting, and the large-scale plunder of forest products, such as the cutting of bamboo, timber, and the collection of firewood and charcoal, are all the reasons for the endangered survival of this species.

Listed in the World Conservation Union (IUCN) ver.: 2008 Red List of Primates - Vulnerable (VU).  

Listed as an animal protected under Appendix II of the Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

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