Rhinopithecus brelichi

The head is round, the face is bare, the complexion is gray-blue, and the eyes are slightly tilted upward. The crown is yellow, but the tip of the hair is black. The ears are small and also black. The whole body is covered with dark gray hair about 20-25 cm long. The hair on the top of the head, back, sides of the body, outside of the limbs and tail is the darkest, which is dense black-brown. The tip of the tail is white, like a brush. The skin of the palms and soles of the feet and the nails are also dark brown. The hair on the chest, abdomen and inside of the limbs is slightly lighter. In addition, the most unique mark is the large oval white spot growing between the two shoulders on the back, so it is also called gray golden monkey or white-shouldered golden monkey. In the place of origin, it is also called "cow-tailed monkey" because its tail is thin and long, very similar to the tail of an ox. The length of its body hair is far less than that of the Sichuan golden monkey

Distributed in Fanjing Mountain of Wuling Mountains in Guizhou Province, China. The specific distribution locations are mainly in Yueliangba and Baizhiping in Jiangkou County; Paomuba, Tianjiaba, Baiyun Temple, Niufengbao in Songtao County; Yapanling, the upper reaches of Taojin River and Huguo Temple in Yinjiang County. Type origin: northern Guizhou (Fanjing Mountain), type specimen preservation site: British Museum.
Guizhou golden snub-nosed monkeys live in mountain broad-leaved forests above 1,700 meters above sea level. They mainly move on trees and live in groups, with seasonal grouping and gregariousness.
The vegetation in the habitat is evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. The altitude of activity is lower than that of Sichuan and Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkeys. They mostly live in river valley broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 500-800 meters. In summer, they are more common

In Chinese history, the Guizhou golden monkey was called "Zongyi Beast" and "Guoran Beast". The Guizhou golden monkey has no subspecies differentiation, but some scholars merge it with the Sichuan golden monkey as two subspecies of the same species.

Unlike the Sichuan golden monkey and the Yunnan golden monkey, the Guizhou golden monkey has not been observed to eat lichens, which may be related to the habitat environment. They eat wherever they go, and usually change their activity location once a day, with regular rounds of migration.

When the Guizhou golden monkey is in normal activity, the call is mellow and slender, like the "oh-ho" sound of people shouting across the mountains, and it seems leisurely and comfortable; when fighting, the voice is rough and loud. When an abnormal situation is found, one of the male monkeys will make a unique alarm sound. The Guizhou golden monkey is alert by nature and is particularly sensitive to abnormal sounds. If there is any sound, it will run away immediately.

When the Guizhou golden monkey is active, the scattered area is relatively wide, about 1.5-2 hectares, and the farthest distance between two monkeys is 200-300 meters. One or several monkeys can be seen on a tree, and at most more than 30 monkeys can be seen gathering on a tree. They sit, walk, climb, and jump on the trees, and sometimes make noises, fight, and chase. It seems that the trees are shaking everywhere, and the whole mountain is full of monkeys. When they sit, their tails hang down naturally and swing gently from time to time; when they jump, their tails touch the branches and they can jump over a distance of 2 or 3 meters. They can jump even farther from high to low. The most elegant movement is to grab the branches with one arm and move forward in a leisurely manner.

From October 1987 to April 1993, the survey showed that the population of Guizhou golden snub-nosed monkeys was 764 (655-873). According to Eudey (1987), the total number of Guizhou golden snub-nosed monkeys does not exceed 500-670. Zhou Xiaonong (1995) found that there were about 750 Guizhou golden snub-nosed monkeys in more than 20 families, with an activity range of about 40,000 hectares. In 1992, a census by several observation groups estimated that there were about 600-1200. In 2005, the survey estimated that there were 750, of which more than 400 were adults. In 2008, the population was estimated to be about 850.

In 1978, the Fanjingshan Nature Reserve was established in the Guizhou production area, covering an area of 41,300 hectares. It is mainly used to protect rare animals and plants such as the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey and the Davidia involucrata and their forest ecosystems. In 1986, it was approved as a national nature reserve and joined the UNESCO "Man and the Biosphere" Nature Reserve Network in the same year. After the establishment of the reserve, protection work has been strengthened. Through publicity and education, and the implementation of relevant laws and regulations, the local people's awareness of protecting rare animals has been improved. At the same time, those who committed illegal logging and poaching were brought to justice. For example, in 1984, a case of hunting two Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys (one killed and one disabled) was filed and the case was punished by law. Therefore, the protection of Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys has become a household name. The establishment of the Fanjingshan Nature Reserve has ensured the survival of Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys. Although illegal logging and poaching were still serious in the early days of the reserve, after years of efforts, education and proper guidance of local people have avoided these phenomena. The artificial breeding of Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys is in the research stage.

CITES endangered level: Appendix 1 Effective year: 1997

IUCN endangered level: EN (endangered) Effective year: 2008

National key protection level: First level Effective year: 1989

China Red Book of Endangered Animals Level: Endangered Effective year: 1996

Listed in the first level of the "List of National Key Protected Wildlife in China".

Protect wild animals and stop eating game.

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