Membracidae are members of the family Membracidae, in the order Homoptera, class Insecta, and are often called "tree lice" or There are more than 3,000 known species of lice worldwide. Cicada. They are known for their unique appearance and rich species diversity, especially the unique shape of the protrusions on their backs, which often resemble plant thorns or bark, making them easy to identify Blending into the environment, becoming a master of camouflage.
Basic characteristics of treehoppers
Body size: The stinging insects are small, generally about 5-12 mm long, with a relatively simple shape and colors ranging from green, brown, and black. From yellow to yellow, some species even have bright patterns or spots.
Back protrusions (shield protrusions): The most notable feature of stinging insects is the shield-like protrusions on their backs. These protrusions have various shapes. Some species have protrusions that look like branches, thorns, leaves, or even other insects. This morphological camouflage allows stinging insects to effectively hide from predators, such as birds and other predatory insects.
Feeding method: Stinging insects are sucking insects, mainly feeding on the sap of trees and plants. They use small The long mouthparts pierce the plant's epidermis and suck the plant's sap.
Classification of Treehoppers
There are multiple subfamilies and genera , here are some of the main classifications of the treehopper family:
Centrotinae: These treehoppers have protuberances on their backs that often resemble those on leaves or tree trunks. Used for camouflage.
Membracinae: This group of stinging insects has flat, mostly rounded protrusions. Darker colors are used to simulate bark or moss.
Heliconinae: Brightly colored and finely patterned, with complex and varied dorsal protuberances that often mimic flowers or insects in the surrounding environment.
Treehopper's behavior and ecology
Camouflage and defense mechanism: The dorsal protuberances of treehoppers are not only used for >camouflage and can also scare off predators, for example, they sometimes mimic insects such as ants and bees to scare off potential threats.
Gathering behavior: Some species have obvious gregarious behavior, and they usually gather on branches or leaves to improve their defense capabilities through collective action.
Mating and reproduction: Stinging insects mate and court by emitting vibration signals. Female insects lay eggs on plants. After the eggs hatch, the larvae usually continue to stay near the mother and be cared for by the mother for a period of time. This is a relatively rare parental care behavior in the insect world.
Distribution and habitat
Widely distributed throughout the world, mainly living in tropical and subtropical regions, such as tropical rainforests in Central and South America, Africa and Asia. They mostly live in trees and bushes, and especially like humid environments. In these areas, treehoppers can be very prosperous, with large numbers and high diversity.
Ecological Roles of Treehoppers
Pollination Role: Although treehoppers are pests that suck plant sap, they may also help plants pollinate in some cases, especially when they migrate or move, where they may carry pollen.
Honeydew Production: Treehoppers secrete honeydew, a sugary liquid that insects such as ants follow to get the honeydew. Ants also "protect" the stinging insects from predators, forming a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.
Pests: Treehoppers can sometimes have a negative impact on agriculture, especially when they suck sap from trees and crops in large quantities, which can cause plant growth to slow or even die. In fruit trees and some cash crops, Treehoppers are considered pests and need to be controlled.
Consumption of Treehoppers
It is not a traditional edible insect, and due to its small size and low nutritional value, it is rarely found in the human food chain. However, in some areas where insect consumption culture is prevalent, such as Southeast Asia, there may be a habit of eating insects, but Treehoppers are not usually widely used as food.
Conservation status of treehoppers
Treehoppers are generally stable in number, and due to their large number of species, they are not listed as endangered. However, their habitats, such as rainforests, are threatened by deforestation and climate change, so the living environment of some treehoppers may be affected to a certain extent. Maintaining biodiversity and protecting forest ecosystems are also crucial for the survival of small creatures such as treehoppers.
Summary
treehoppers are a family of strange-looking and highly diverse insects. Known for their unique dorsal protuberances and highly developed camouflage skills, they have adapted to a variety of tropical and subtropical environments. Although they are sometimes considered pests in agriculture, they also contribute to the balance of the ecosystem, especially in their symbiotic relationship with ants. The existence of treehoppers further demonstrates the wonder and diversity of the natural world.
