Commonly known as mud flies and fish flies, there are less than 300 known species in the world. They are mostly found near streams or other cool, moist environments, feeding on nectar and soft-bodied insects. The larvae are aquatic, found in lakes and streams, and prey on small aquatic animals. Euryptera larvae can be used as fish feed.
[Identification points] Frontal head type (the mouthparts are located at the front end of the head and extend forward, so that the longitudinal axis of the head and the longitudinal axis of the body form an obtuse angle or are almost parallel. This type of head is called frontal mouth type). Chewing mouthparts. Chest square. The texture and veins of the front and rear wings are similar. The hind wings have a well-developed rump area and reticular veins, but the wing edges are not bifurcated. Tarsi 5 segments.
The characteristics of this order can be summarized as follows: mud flies, fish flies, Euryptera, with bulging eyes in the front of the head; veins without margins, four wings wide, and larvae with ventral protrusions in the water.
[Classification system and introduction to common families] The order Euryptera consists of two families, namely, Mythidae and Ichthyonidae.
(1) Corydalidae
Also called tooth fly. Larger in size, longer than 25 mm. There are 3 single eyes. The tarsal segments are similar and are all cylindrical. Adult beetles usually move around water sources, and some species are phototactic. The larvae are aquatic and are commonly found under stones in streams. They have one pair of hook-shaped tail legs and 8 pairs of finger-like gills. They are unsegmented and have no tail threads. Often used as fishing bait.
(2) Sialidae
Dark in color, medium in size, no more than 25 mm in length. The 4th tarsus is enlarged and divided into two leaves. Adults usually live near water sources. The larvae are aquatic, often found under rocks in streams, and feed on small insects. There is no hook-shaped tail foot, 7 pairs of finger-like gills, segmented, and 1 tail filament.
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