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Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wader Woodbird Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Ceyx melanurus

Ceyx melanurus

Ceyx melanurus,Philippine Dwarf-kingfisher

Features:It is a small forest kingfisher with a very bright color

Ceyx melanurus, Philippine Dwarf kingfisher, has three subspecies (1.Ceyx melanurus melanurus is found in Luzon, Polynesia, Arabat, and Catanduones in the Philippines). 2.Ceyx melanurus samarensis is distributed in Samar and Leyte Islands in the Philippines. 3.Ceyx melanurus mindanensis is found in...

Ceyx erithaca

Ceyx erithaca

Ceyx erithaca,Three-toed Kingfisher

Features:It has only three toes

The scientific name Ceyx erithaca, three-toed Kingfisher, has Three subspecies (1. The subspecies Ceyx erithacaerithaca is found in Bombay, southwest India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China (Yunnan, Hainan), Sumatra and neighboring islands. 2. Ceyx erithacamacrocarus, a subspecies of the three-toed kingfish...

Alcedo semitorquata

Alcedo semitorquata

Alcedo semitorquata,Half-collared kingfisher

Features:

Alcedo semitorquata, Half-collared kingfisher, is a bird belonging to the class Ornithae, order, family Kingfisher, and genus Kingfisher.Semi-collared kingfishers are solitary and usually live alone on branches or rocks near the water, hunting for food, mainly Nile herring, crabs, frogs, and insects...

Alcedo quadribrachys

Alcedo quadribrachys

Alcedo quadribrachys,Shining-blue Kingfisher

Features:Adult birds have chrysanthemum yellow eyes first

Scientific name flash blue Kingfisher Alcedo quadribrachys, Shining - blue Kingfisher, 2 subspecies (1. Alcedo quadribrachysquadribrachys plug in Gambia, Nigeria. 2.Alcedo quadribrachysguentheri is found in Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda, Angola and Zambia.) .Bright blue kingfisher lonely, usually live alon...

Alcedo euryzona

Alcedo euryzona

Alcedo euryzona,Blue-banded Kingfisher

Features:The male blue-banded kingfisher has a black back plumage with a chain of turquoise blue feathers

Alcedo euryzona, also known as the Blue-banded Kingfisher, has two subspecies (1. The subspecies Alcedo euryzona euryzona is found in Java. 2. The Borneo subspecies Alcedo euryzona peninsulae is found in Myanmar, Sumatra, Thailand and Borneo.)Blue belt kingfisher lonely, usually live alone on the br...

Alcedo coerulescens

Alcedo coerulescens

Alcedo coerulescens,Small Blue Kingfisher,Cerulean kingfisher

Features:The head and upper parts of the male are Marine blue

Alcedo coerulescens, or Small Blue Kingfisher or Cerulean kingfisher, is a small kingfisher.Small blue kingfisher usually lives alone on the branches or rocks near the water, waiting for the opportunity to hunt, mainly to eat small fish, and eat crustaceans and a variety of aquatic insects and larva...

Alcedo atthis

Alcedo atthis

Alcedo atthis,Common Kingfisher,European Kingfisher,Kingfisher, Martin-pêcheur d'Europe, رفراف شائع

Features:Is a common bird, because of its appearance layout is simple, showing the general, so it is called "ordinary"

The Common Kingfisher scientific name Alcedo atthis, foreign language name Common Kingfisher, European Kingfisher, Kingfisher, Martin-pecheur d'Europe, Qihui Qihui, there are 7 subspecies (1. Common kingfisher named subspecies Alcedo atthis atthis. 2. Common kingfisher common subspecies Alcedo a...

Alcedo vintsioides

Alcedo vintsioides

Alcedo vintsioides,Madagascar Kingfisher

Features:The forehead and nape of the neck are usually a mixture of black, green and pale blue

Alcedo vintsioides is known as Madagascar Kingfisher and Alcedo vintsioides, and has two subspecies (1.Alcedo vintsioides johannae is found in the Comoros Islands). 2.Alcedo vintsioides is found in Madagascar.) .The Falkland kingfisher feeds on small fish, frogs, crustaceans, Marine and freshwater a...

Corythornis cristatus

Corythornis cristatus

Corythornis cristatus,Malachite Kingfisher

Features:The crowned kingfisher is one of the most common kingfishers in Africa

Corythornis cristatus, Malachite Kingfisher, Alcedo cristata, has three subspecies (1. Alcedo cristata galerita is a Ghanaian subspecies found in Senegal and Ghana. 2. Alcedo cristata cristata is found in Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Kenya. 3. The Su...

Alcedo leucogaster

Alcedo leucogaster

Alcedo leucogaster,White-bellied Kingfisher

Features:It is similar in size and appearance to the crown kingfisher, but the belly is white and the feathers on the head cannot be set up as a crown

White-bellied Kingfisher: Corythornis leucogaster, Alcedo leucogaster, White-bellied Kingfisher, There are three subspecies (Alcedo leucogaster bowdleri) found in Mauritania, Mali, Guinea and Ghana. 2.Alcedo leucogaster leucogaster is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Fernando Po, Gabon and Angola. 3.Alce...

Ispidina madagascariensis

Ispidina madagascariensis

Ispidina madagascariensis,Ceyx madagascariensis,Madagascan pygmy kingfisher,Alcedo madagascariensis

Features:

The scientific name of the small kingfisher is Ispidina madagascariensis, Ceyx madagascariensis, foreign names Madagascan pygmy kingfisher, Alcedo madagascariensis, There are two subspecies (1.Ispidina madagascariensis madagascariensis) in southwestern Madagascar. 2.Ispidina madagascariensis dilutus...

Ispidina picta

Ispidina picta

Ispidina picta,African Pygmy-kingfisher

Features:

Ispidina picta (African Pygomy-Kingfisher) has three subspecies (1.Ispidina picta pictus is found in Senegal, Eritrea and Uganda). 2.Ispidina picta ferrugineus is found in Uganda, Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau and Botswana. 3.Ispidina picta natalensis occurs in Angola, Tanzania, Zanzibar,...

Ispidina lecontei

Ispidina lecontei

Ispidina lecontei,African Dwarf-kingfisher

Features:The little red-headed kingfisher is the smallest of all kingfishers

Ispidina lecontei, African Dwarf kingfisher, has two subspecies (1.Ispidina lecontei ruficeps is found from eastern Liberia to Ghana). 2.Ispidina lecontei is found in south-western Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Uganda, Angola and south-western Sudan.) .The little red-headed kingfisher is a small...

Chloroceryle aenea

Chloroceryle aenea

Chloroceryle aenea,Pygmy Kingfisher

Features:

Chloroceryle aenea, also known as Pygmy Kingfisher, has two subspecies (1.Chloroceryle aenea stictoptera is found in Gustaja, southern Mexico (Puebla, Veracruz). 2.Chloroceryle aenea is found in Colombia, Gustaja, Andean, Ecuador, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Trinidad,...

Chloroceryle inda

Chloroceryle inda

Chloroceryle inda,Green-and-rufous Kingfisher

Features:

Chloroceryle inda, also known as Green-and-rufous Kingfisher, is a species of kingfisher.The brown bellies are fish-eating kingfishers with excellent diving skills and can even hover in the air to lock on to their targets. They live mainly by the river and fish for a living. It lives in brush or ope...

Chloroceryle amazona

Chloroceryle amazona

Chloroceryle amazona,Amazon Kingfisher

Features:It is the largest species of greenfish dog

Chloroceryle amazona, the scientific name of the Amazon green fish dog, is the largest species of green fish dog, and its appearance is quite similar to that of green fish dog, which is easy to be confused when the size of the green fish dog is not visible from a distance.The Amazon Green fish dog i...

Chloroceryle americana

Chloroceryle americana

Chloroceryle americana,Green Kingfisher

Features:It is the most common species of kingfisher
1.Chloroceryle americana hachisukai is distributed in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico. 2.Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis is distributed in Colombia, Venezuela, and Texas. 3.Chloroceryle americana cabanisii is found in Colombia, the Andes Mountains, Ecuador and Chile. 4.Chloroceryle americana americana is found in Venezuela, the Andes Mountains, Bolivia and Brazil. 5.Chloroceryle americana mathewsii is found in Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia.

Chloroceryle americana, also known as Green Kingfisher, has five subspecies (1.Chloroceryle americana hachisukai is found in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico). 2.Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis is distributed in Colombia, Venezuela, and Texas. 3.Chloroceryle americana cabanisii is found...

Ceryle rudis

Ceryle rudis

Ceryle rudis,Pied kingfisher

Features:The appearance is very similar to the crested fish dog, the whole body is black and white spots, but the body size is small, and the crown feathers are shorter

Ceryle rudis, Pied kingfisher, has four subspecies (1. The common subspecies Ceryle rudis insignis2. Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus3. Ceryle rudis rudis4. Ceryle rudis travancoreensis, Indian subspecies of the Spotted fish dog.Spotted fish dogs live in pairs or groups in large water bodies and mangrove...

Ceryle torquata

Ceryle torquata

Ceryle torquata,Megaceryle torquata,Ringed Kingfisher

Features:

Ceryle torquata, Megaceryle torquata, Ringed Kingfisher, no subspecies.The brown-bellies feed mainly on small fish, eat crustaceans and a variety of aquatic insects and their larvae, and also peck at small frogs and a few aquatic plants. Kingfishers can also maintain excellent vision after diving in...

Ceryle alcyon

Ceryle alcyon

Ceryle alcyon,Belted Kingfisher

Features:The forehead and top of the head are dark blue plumage, and the base and part of the tail are entirely white, more or less pale yellow or yellow

Ceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher, no subspecies.White-bellies emit clear chirps to warn when threatening intruders or partners. Very territorial, most of the homeland defense measures are through voice commands or shouts of deterrence. The sound is similar to the tapping of vibrating machinery. A sh...

Megaceryle lugubris

Megaceryle lugubris

Megaceryle lugubris,Crested Kingfisher

Features:Conspicuously crested

Crested Kingfisher (Megaceryle lugubris, Crested Kingfisher) has three subspecies (1. The common subspecies of crested fish dog, Megaceryle lugubris guttulata. 2. Megaceryle lugubris pallida, a subspecies of Hokkaido dog. 3. Crested fish dog named subspecies Megaceryle lugubris lugubris.) .Crested f...