Butastur liventer

Rufous-winged Buzzard Eagle, foreign name Rufous-winged Buzzard Eagle, no subspecies.

Rufous-winged Buzzard Eagle often stands on treetop dead branches or on telephone poles. It is solitary and acts alone. It flies briskly and moves agilely. When flying, the two wings are constantly flapping, sometimes flying in a straight line, and sometimes soaring in a circle around a certain place. During migration, they usually circle over the habitat in groups at 3-4 pm, and stop in the woods on the hillside of the habitat until dusk. They usually fly close to the ground or perch to spy on prey, and often wander on the ground to catch food. They usually disperse to forage, but during migration, they often form small groups and chase small birds to migrate south. Once prey is detected, it will descend and strike violently, usually in the middle of tall grass, and then return to another habitat.

The main food of the brown-winged buzzard is small rodents, small birds, snakes, centipedes, lizards, frogs and various large insects.

The Rufous-winged Buzzard nests in mountain forests, often in trees in open forests or isolated large trees in open areas. The breeding season varies in different regions, and in India the nesting season is from March to June. In Sulawesi, egg laying is mainly in June. The nest is a relatively light structure built of branches, which is placed at different heights in the trees. It is sometimes placed at the edge of wooded areas. Each clutch lays 2-3 eggs, and the eggs have an average size of 46.3 mm × 37.8 mm. Its incubation time is uncertain. It is not clear how long the young birds stay in the nest and how long the parents raise them.

The distribution area of the Rufous-winged Buzzard is only 1 million square kilometers, which may actually be much lower, and the distribution density seems to be quite low and declining. In Java, the number of this species has always been very small. It has disappeared in northeastern Thailand and is declining in neighboring Laos and Cambodia. Even though they can use rice fields as hunting grounds, the presence of humans and the opening and lighting of woodlands have had a very negative impact on the lifestyle of the Brown-winged Buzzard. The species may have a maximum population of 1,000. The total population is estimated to be between 670-6,700.

Listed in Appendix II of the Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).  

Listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2017 ver 3.1 - Least Concern (LC).  

Listed in the second level of the China National Key Protected Wildlife List.

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Distributed in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. In China, it is seen in Jingdong, Yunnan and Mengyang, Xishuangbanna in June.
It inhabits sparse forests, shrubs and riverbanks in low mountains, hills and plains at the foot of mountains, and sometimes appears near farmlands and villages. It likes to go in and out of open jungle woodlands with dipterocarp trees and wooded savannas, usually near streams and wetlands. It also lives in sparse tree shrubs, rice fields and other types of environments. It can be seen in plains and hills, and even in cities on Sulawesi. These birds are distributed from sea level to an altitude of 1,500 meters above sea level, but the preferred habitat is below 800 meters.

The head, neck and upper back of the Brown-winged Buzzard are grey-brown, with darker rachis stripes. The back and wing coverts are grey-brown, speckled with brown; the waist and tail coverts are auburn, the tail is chestnut brown, and the tip is light gray, with black sub-feathers. Terminal spots and 3 narrow black horizontal spots; wing edge white, outer coverts and primary coverts brown, tip brown; flight feathers brown maroon, tip and outer edge decorated with brown, inner feather base base feather edge has wide white and Narrow black horizontal spots; exposed portion of innermost secondary flight feathers grey-brown. The underparts are gray with inconspicuous black feather rachis patterns. The anal area and undertail coverts are pure white or yellowish white. Grizzly's leg feathers are also pure white.
The head, neck and entire upper body of the young bird are brown or tan with light feather edges, the forehead is even lighter and has a white eyebrow pattern; the back is d