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Fish: different types, definitions, photos, etc.

Fish are the oldest vertebrates, with a wide variety of species. There are about 32,100 named fish species distributed in various waters on the earth, of which there are about 2,500 species in China. Most of them live in seawater, with more than 1,500 marine fish and about 800 freshwater fish. In the past, fish were usually divided into two major categories, cartilaginous fish and bony fish, based on the similarities and differences in the properties of their bones. Characteristics: Aquatic animals (living in water). Skin covered with scales, belonging to cold-blooded animals. Cold-blooded animals with fins (can swim in water) and breathing with gills. Fertilization is external, mainly oviparous, some are viviparous and ovoviviparous.


Fish are a type of aquatic animals under the phylum Vertebrata, which mainly breathe through gills and use fins as the main organ of movement. Fish are the oldest and most diverse group of vertebrates on Earth, widely distributed in environments such as oceans, freshwater lakes and rivers.

  • Scientific name: Pisces (fish is no longer a strict scientific classification, but is used to describe fish in the phylum Vertebrata)

  • Main characteristics:

    1. Aquatic life: Fish live entirely in water.

    2. Gill breathing: Fish absorb oxygen from the water through their gills.

    3. Scale coverage: Most fish are covered with scales for protection.

    4. Function of fins: Use fins for swimming, balance and direction control.

    5. Poikilotherms: Fish body temperature changes with the external environment.

  • Ecological role:

    • Fish are in a key position in the food chain, both as predators and food sources.

    • Help maintain ecological balance, such as controlling algae populations and cleaning waters.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Fish originated in the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago.

    • It was the first animal to have jaws and vertebrae, laying the foundation for the evolution of other vertebrates.


Fish classification table

Fish can be divided into three major categories based on anatomical and physiological characteristics: cartilaginous fish (such as sharks), bony fish (such as carp) and jawless fish (such as lampreys). The following is a detailed list of fish classification:

Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusExamples
Cartilaginous fishElasmobranchiiCarcharhinidaeCarcharhinusWhite Shark, Blue Shark


PristidaePristisSawfish


RajidaeRajaYellow Spotted Skate
Jawless FishCyclostomataPetromyzontidaePetromyzonLamprey


MyxinidaeMyxineHagfish
Bony fishesCypriniformesCyprinidaeCyprinidae (Cyprinus)Carp, grass carp


SiluridaeSilurusCatfish

PerciformesPercidaePercaPerch, largemouth bass


MoronidaeMoroneSeabass

AnguilliformesAnguillidaeAnguillaEuropean eel, Japanese eel

OsteoglossiformesOsteoglossidaeOsteoglossumDragon fish

ScombriformesScombridaeThunnusTuna, bluefin tuna

ClupeiformesClupeidaeClupeaSardines, herrings

CharaciformesCharacidaeAstyanaxPiranha, Astyanax

Main evolutionary history of fish

1. Origin

Fish are one of the oldest groups of vertebrates on Earth, and the earliest fish fossils can be traced back to the Cambrian period. Jawless fish (such as lampreys and hagfish) are the most primitive fish, followed by cartilaginous fish (such as sharks) and bony fish.

2. Cartilaginous fishes

Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) include sharks, rays, etc. Their skeletons are made of cartilage rather than hard bones. These fish play an important role as predators in marine ecosystems.

3. Bony fishes

Bony fishes (Osteichthyes) are the most diverse group of fishes, with a hard bone structure. They have adapted to a variety of water environments, including freshwater and saltwater.

4. Jawless fishes

Jawless fishes are the earliest fishes, and representative species include lampreys and hagfishes. They have no jaws and rely on suction or parasitism for survival.


Ecological role of fish

  1. Important position in the food chain:

    • Predators: such as sharks maintain ecological balance.

    • Food source: such as small fish are food for many aquatic animals.

  2. Environmental health indicators:

    • The number and diversity of fish reflect the ecological health of water bodies.

  3. Resource Utilization:

    • As a source of protein for humans and a target for commercial fishing.


Conservation Status of Fish

  1. Overfishing: Many economic fish are facing the threat of extinction due to overfishing.

  2. Habitat Loss: Pollution and water development have caused serious damage to fish habitats.

  3. Climate Change: Temperature changes and acidified oceans are affecting the distribution and reproduction of fish.

  4. Conservation measures:

    • Establish aquatic conservation areas.

    • Implement sustainable fishing policies.

    • Protect endangered fish populations, such as sturgeons and eels.

Marine fishs Freshwater fish Cypriniformes Siluriformes
Carassius auratus

Carassius auratus

Carassius auratus,Goldfish,Carassius auratus cantonensis Tchang,Xitou, crucian carp, crucian carp seeds, river crucian carp, moon crucian carp, ancient name crucian carp, crucian carp, cold crucian ca

Features:Body is oval, flattened laterally

Crucian carp is one of the typical bottom fishes with strong adaptability. It can survive in water with a pH value of 4 or pH value of 9, and can even live in spring water, sewage and industrial wastewater containing minerals. In addition, it can withstand severe cold (such as -10℃ to -15℃), and h...

Ctenopharyngodon

Ctenopharyngodon

Ctenopharyngodon,Grass carp, grass carp, oily grass carp, grass carp, white grass carp, grass carp, grass carp, thick fish, sea grass carp, mixed fish, black herring, etc.

Features:The body length is 3 to 4 times the body height, the body is brown and the abdomen is grayish white.

It is named because it eats grass (Li Shizhen of Ming Dynasty). In Erya, it is also called carp, which is the same as 鰀 (Guangyun); it is also called 鯶. Guo Pu of Jin Dynasty noted that "today's 鯶 is similar to trout but larger". Li Shizhen said that "its nature is relaxed, so...

Cyprinus acutidorsalis

Cyprinus acutidorsalis

Cyprinus acutidorsalis,Sea carp, sea crucian carp, triangular carp

Features:The body is extremely tall, with a significant bulge on the back, and then slopes down sharply. The head is short. port.

Sharp-finned carp is a unique species of carp that lives in the brackish and freshwater waters of a few estuaries in the South my country Sea for a long time. It has a mixed diet. Under natural conditions, it mainly feeds on aquatic invertebrate benthic organisms (such as gastropods, carps and polyc...

Cyprinus carpio

Cyprinus carpio

Cyprinus carpio,Common carp, carp, hairy fish, red fish, carp

Features:The body is spindle-shaped, with medium-sized round scales.

The scales have the character "十" in Wenli, hence the name carp (Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica"). Also known as red carp, xuanju, huangji, and huangzhui; today it is commonly known as carpguaizi. Chixian Gong (Tang Dynasty Law. See "Kangxi Dictionary")...

Trichiurus lepturus

Trichiurus lepturus

Trichiurus lepturus,Largehead hairtail, skirt fish, fat fish, oil fish, tooth fish, mullet

Features:It is one of the four major seafoods in China, along with large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker and cuttlefish.

The hairtail fish along the coast of my country can be divided into two categories: southern and northern. The northern hairtail fish are larger than the southern hairtail fish. They hibernate in the southern Yellow Sea, swim to the Bohai Sea in spring, forming a spring fish season, and return to th...

Salmo salar

Salmo salar

Salmo salar,Kennebec salmon、Sebago salmon,Northern trout, king salmon, hunchback, salmon, mackerel, salmon, salmon

Features:The meat is delicious and nutritious, and the eggs are also the best raw material for caviar. It is known as the "King of the Ice Sea" in the international food industry.

There are more than 30 species of salmon with commercial value. The most common ones are 2 types of trout (salmon trout and golden trout) and 4 types of salmon (Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon, Arctic white char, and silver salmon).Salmon is a cold-water fish. Originally inhabiting the northern Paci...

Tuna

Tuna

Tuna, bluefin tuna, elephant fish, swordfish, bluefin tuna

Features:The meat of tuna is similar to beef and is purple-red in color. It has a high hemoglobin content, is low in fat and high in protein, so it has high nutritional value.

Tuna (formerly translated as Asian winter fish in Portuguese in Macau) swims fast, with an instantaneous speed of up to 160 kilometers per hour and an average speed of about 60-80 kilometers per hour. The flesh of tuna is red, which is due to the large amount of myoglobin contained in the muscles of...

Flower head dragon eye

Flower head dragon eye

Red and White Dragon-eye with Tiger-head

Features:

The Flowery Dragon Eye is famous for its beautiful red and white markings. As one of the ornamental fish, it is deeply loved by players for its beautiful appearance. Although the tumor on the top is not thick, if the color is red, white, or red and white, it will be more popular and its value will d...

Acipenser sinensis

Acipenser sinensis

Sturgeon, sturgeon, yellow sturgeon, tuna, sturgeon shark, king tuna

Features:One of the oldest vertebrates

The Chinese sturgeon is the largest and longest-lived freshwater fish. (After the extinction of the Chinese sturgeon)The Chinese sturgeon is the oldest vertebrate on Earth and a descendant of the ancient stickleback, the common ancestor of fish, with a history of 140 million years. It lived in the s...

Psephurus gladius

Psephurus gladius

Chinese swordfish, sword-nosed white sturgeon, elephant fish, elephant nose fish, swordfish, sturgeon, anglerfish, tuna, Yangtze white sturgeon

Features:The king of Chinese freshwater fish (extinct)

The white sturgeon is one of the largest freshwater fish, named for its lighter color. It is also known as the harp fish, the swordfish, and the ancient name tuna. Like the Chinese sturgeon, it has existed for 150 million years and is one of the very few ancient fish that survived from the Cretaceou...

Acipenser dabryanus

Acipenser dabryanus

Sand Lazi, small Lazi, sturgeon, sturgeon, Yangtze sturgeon

Features:One of the three species of sturgeons in China's Yangtze River (extinct in the wild)

Acipenser dabryanus is a type of sturgeon. It is one of the precious large fish species unique to my country, and its external morphology is similar to that of the Chinese sturgeon. It is one of the three types of sturgeons living in the Yangtze River (Acipenser dabryanus, Chinese sturgeon, and Chin...

Arapaima gigas

Arapaima gigas

Arapaima, walrus fish, elephant fish, frigate dragon, giant dragon

Features:One of the largest freshwater fish in the world.

There is a kind of big fish in South America that is not afraid of piranhas. Not only that, they eat piranhas. This big fish that can easily prey on piranhas is the Arapaima, also known as the walrus fish.Arapaima is a remnant of ancient freshwater fish, which is estimated to have appeared 100 milli...

Atractosteus spatula

Atractosteus spatula

Alligator gar, ghost rocket, lucky crocodile, giant gar, malleus gar, crocodile rocket

Features:It is a prehistoric fish that has lived on Earth for more than 100 million years.

The alligator gar is named for its short snout like an alligator and two rows of dagger-like teeth. It is the largest of the seven existing species of North American gar. It is a prehistoric fish that has lived on Earth for more than 100 million years. Fossils date back to the Upper Cretaceous. In a...

Heteroconger hassi

Heteroconger hassi

Garden Eel,Heteroconger eel

Features:Extremely timid, might even be frightened to death.

Heteroconger eels live in groups of hundreds (sometimes thousands) of individuals. The largest males usually live in the center of the group, positioning themselves in the best spots to build a home and get food. When they are not hiding, these fish sway like leaves of seaweed, hence the name "...

Rhincodon typus

Rhincodon typus

Whale shark, whale shark, tofu shark, big stupid shark

Features:The largest fish in the world.

The whale shark is the largest shark and the largest fish. It is named whale shark because of its huge whale-like body. The largest whale shark scientifically recorded is 12.65 meters long, which is equivalent to the length of 3.5 Mini Cooper cars. (Guinness World Record)At this time, some friends w...

Manta alfredi

Manta alfredi

Manta ray, coral reef manta ray, devil ray, flying bream, eagle bream

Features:Manta arachni is a species of ray and one of the largest rays in the world (the second largest ray after Manta birostris).

The appearance of the Aversonis manta ray is very similar to that of the birostris manta ray, and their distribution areas overlap, so they are often confused. But there are still some differences between the two. The black and white pattern on the back of the Aries manta is not clearly defined, so...

Sphyrna lewini

Sphyrna lewini

Scalloped hammerhead shark, red hammerhead shark, scalloped shark, hammerhead shark, double-breasted shark

Features:The third largest hammerhead shark in existence.

The eyes and nostrils of the scalloped hammerhead shark are located on the left and right sides of the head. Unlike other hammerhead sharks, the front end of the hammerhead-shaped head of the scalloped hammerhead shark has three obvious round tooth-like indentations. Its peculiar head shape may incr...

Koi Fish

Koi Fish

Features:

Table of Contents:Introduction to Koi FishWhat is a Koi Fish?Koi Fish SymbolismKoi Fish VarietiesCommon Types of Koi FishUnique Koi VarietiesUnderstanding Koi Fish Size and GrowthHow Big Do Koi Fish Get?Factors Affecting Koi GrowthKoi Fish Lifespan and HealthKoi Fish Lifespan: How Long Do They Live?...

Cyclopterus

Cyclopterus

Lumpsucker

Features:most notable feature is its pelvic suction disc

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)1. What is a lumpsucker?A lumpsucker, scientifically known asCyclopterus Lumpus, is a marine fish recognized for its suction disc, which helps it attach to underwater surfaces like rocks and seaweed.2. How long do lumpsuckers live?Lumpsuckers can live up to 12...

Chlamydoselachus anguineus

Chlamydoselachus anguineus

Frilled Shark

Features:

IntroductionThe frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) is a unique and intriguing species that captures the imagination of marine enthusiasts and scientists alike. Known for its ancient lineage and distinct appearance, this deep-sea predator is often referred to as a "living fossil." I...

Ogcocephalus darwini

Ogcocephalus darwini

Red Lipped Batfish,Galapagos batfish, Daphnia galapagos batfish

Features:What’s special about it is that it has four “legs”, a big head, and uses its pectoral fins to “walk” on the seabed.

The Red-Lipped Batfish (scientific name: Ogcocephalus darwini) is one of the most unique and curious marine creatures found in the deep waters of the Galápagos Islands. Known for its bright red, lipstick-like lips and peculiar body shape, this fish has attracted attention from marine biologists and...