Exocoetus volitans

Details

Exocoetus volitans—a widespread flyingfish of the family Exocoetidae—is among the most common oceanic species globally. Its greatly elongated pectoral fins act like “wings” during take‑off and gliding, while the elongated lower caudal lobe lashes the surface to gain extra speed for multi‑stage glides.

Ecology & Biology

• Diet: mainly planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods), plus small fishes/squid.

• Behaviour: glides above water when pursued by predators such as mahi‑mahi, tunas and billfishes; commonly attracted to lights at night.

• Reproduction: pelagic eggs with tendrils that adhere to Sargassum, driftwood and marine debris.

Identification

• Very long pectoral fins (“two‑winged”); pelvic fins comparatively short.

• Lower caudal lobe markedly elongated for taxiing and re‑acceleration.

• Silvery flanks; slightly projecting lower jaw; large, deciduous scales; posteriorly placed dorsal fin.

Size & Longevity

• Length: typically 20–30 cm, up to about ~35 cm.

• Life: usually 2–5 years, varying by region.

Range & Habitat

Circumtropical/subtropical in the epipelagic zone, often within the top 0–50 m, frequently associated with fronts and slicks.

Conservation & Use

• Status: overall stable; local fisheries/bycatch and night light‑fishing can influence population structure.

• Use: important food/bait fish in many regions; also iconic in natural history displays.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC) (subject to latest assessment).