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Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wading birds Climbing birds Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Dendrocopos leucopterus

Dendrocopos leucopterus

Dendrocopos leucopterus,White-winged Woodpecker

Features:It looks very similar to the Great Spotted Woodpecker, but has white wings.

White-winged Woodpecker is a small bird with no subspecies.White-winged Woodpecker is a resident bird, often acting alone, and in pairs during the breeding season. It mainly feeds on various insects such as longhorn beetle adults and larvae, coleoptera insects, click beetles, ants, bark beetles, jew...

Alcedo hercules

Alcedo hercules

Alcedo hercules,Blyth's Kingfisher

Features:The Great Spotted Kingfisher is very similar to the Common Kingfisher, but is larger in size.

Blyth's Kingfisher is a resident bird. It is timid and often acts alone. It often lives on low branches of trees on the shore or branches extending out of the water. They often fly over the water to look for food. Usually they live alone on branches or rocks near the water, waiting for opportuni...

Alcedo meninting

Alcedo meninting

Fish tiger, water dog, fish dog,Alcedo meninting,Blue-eared Kingfisher

Features:The ear feathers are purple-blue; the throat is light brown; there is a yellow-white spot on each side of the neck

Blue-eared Kingfisher is a small bird with 6 subspecies. There is only the Yunnan subspecies in China, which is distributed in Mengla, Yunnan. There are few records of its ecological biology in China. In 1960, the famous scientist Professor Zheng Zuoxin and others caught one by a river in Mengla.The...

Halcyon smyrnensis

Halcyon smyrnensis

White-breasted fish dog,Halcyon smyrnensis, White-throated kingfisher

Features:Chin, throat, chest and center of chest white

White-throated Kingfisher is a medium-sized bird with 4 subspecies.White-throated Kingfisher often moves alone, often standing on dead branches of trees or stones by the water, and sometimes standing on power lines, often looking at the water for a long time, waiting for prey. It flies in a straight...

Pelargopsis capensis

Pelargopsis capensis

Fish-catching man, stork-billed kingfisher,Pelargopsis capensis,Stork-billed Kingfisher

Features:It is large in size, with a huge, flattened beak, like a stork's beak, red in color, and with nasal grooves on both sides of the beak.

Stork-billed Kingfisher is a medium-sized bird with 13 subspecies.The similar species of Stork-billed Kingfisher, the Blue Kingfisher, is smaller in size and bill, with a black head; the chin, throat, upper chest and collar are white, and the wing coverts are black. When flying, there are white wing...

Merops leschenaulti

Merops leschenaulti

Black-breasted Bee-eater,Merops leschenaulti,Chestnut-headed Bee-eater

Features:The feathers are mainly green and brown, with bright chestnut on the head, nape and upper back.

Chestnut-headed Bee-eater, also known as Chestnut-headed Bee-eater, has 3 subspecies.The chestnut-headed bee-eater migrates to southeastern China in summer, living in hills or woodlands. It mostly flies and hunts in the air, accompanied by a trilling call, and sometimes stands on the top branches of...

Merops viridis

Merops viridis

Red-headed hummingbird,Merops viridis,Blue-throated bee-eater

Features:The top of the head and upper back are chestnut red or chocolate, the chin and throat are blue, and the rest of the lower body and wings are green

Blue-throated bee-eater, also known as Blue-throated bee-eater, has 2 subspecies.Blue-throated bee-eaters often move alone or in small groups, often flying in the sky to find food, and often resting on trees or wires.The migration time of the blue-throated bee-eater is from April to May in spring an...

Merops ornatus

Merops ornatus

Rainbow Bee-eater,Merops ornatus,Rainbow Bee-eater

Features:The throat is reddish brown with a black triangular stripe under the throat

Rainbow Bee-eater, also known as Rainbow Bee-eater, is a medium-sized green bee-eater with no subspecies.Rainbow Bee-eater mainly preys on bees and wasps. Other prey include butterflies, moths, damselflies, dragonflies, beetles and most flying insects. They mostly forage in flight, quickly swooping...

Merops philippinus

Merops philippinus

Red-throated Bee-eater,Merops philippinus,Blue-tailed Bee-eater

Features:The throat is chestnut red, the eye stripes are black, the wings and back are green, and the tail is blue

Blue-tailed Bee-eater, no subspecies.Blue-tailed Bee-eater is a resident bird in southwestern Yunnan and Hainan Island, China, and a summer migratory bird in other areas. It migrates in April-May and leaves in September-October.Chestnut-throated bee-eaters usually move in groups of several to dozens...

Merops persicus

Merops persicus

Merops persicus,Blue-cheeked Bee-eater,Guêpier de Perse,القارية زرقاء الخدين

Features:The flying posture is graceful, like a swallow

Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, also known as Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, has two subspecies.At dusk or after the rain, large groups of blue-cheeked bee-eaters will fly in the air to chase flying insects, especially when there are breeding termites flying around. The sound of the upper and lower jaws beating ca...

Merops orientalis

Merops orientalis

Merops orientalis,Green Bee-eater

Features:The throat is green, the forehead, top of the head and upper back are rusty red, and the rest of the upper body is bright green

Green Bee-eater, also known as Green Bee-eater in English, is a small bird with 9 subspecies.The green-throated bee-eater is a resident bird that moves in small groups. It is often seen perching on flying insects and suddenly rushing into the air to bite them. After catching the flying insects, it w...

Nyctyornis athertoni

Nyctyornis athertoni

Blue-bearded night bee-eater,Nyctyornis athertoni,Blue-bearded Bee-eater

Features:When perched, it constantly raises its tail like an angler

Blue-bearded Bee-eater is a green forest-dwelling bee-eater with two subspecies.Blue-bearded Bee-eaters live in pairs and seem to be inactive for most of the day. They live high up in the trees, in the shade of leaves, or in the sun near the canopy. They stand next to the inflorescences and will pec...

Nyctyornis amictus

Nyctyornis amictus

Red-bearded Bee-eater, Red-bearded Night Bee-eater, Red-bearded Night Bee-eater,Nyctyornis amictus,Red-bearded Bee-eater

Features:The feathers at the base of the throat are long and loose, forming a vibrisket

Red-bearded Bee-eater, no subspecies.Although Red-bearded Bee-eater belongs to the genus Nyctyornis, their diet is very similar to that of the bee-eaters of the genus Merops. However, their hunting behavior is completely different. Red-bearded Bee-eaters hunt alone or in pairs. They stand on lookout...

Aceros undulatus

Aceros undulatus

Aceros undulatus,Rhyticeros undulatus,wreathed hornbill,Bar-pouched wreathed hornbill

Features:The call is monotonous, hoarse, and like a dog barking

The wreathed hornbill is called wreathed hornbill in foreign language, and has 2 subspecies.The wreathed hornbill often moves in small groups of 3 to 5. The call is monotonous, hoarse, and like a dog barking, and sometimes it can also make a low two-syllable sound. It appears to be rather clumsy whe...

Aceros nipalensis

Aceros nipalensis

Rufous-necked Hornbill,Aceros nipalensis,rufous-necked hornbill

Features:The mouth is huge and curved downwards, without a helmet

Rufous-necked hornbill is a large bird with no subspecies.Rufous-necked hornbill nests in tree holes. They often move in pairs or small groups of more than 10. They mainly feed on fleshy wild fruits such as banyan fruit.The brown-necked hornbill is a resident bird. Both males and females make a soft...

Buceros bicornis

Buceros bicornis

Rodentia, Sciuridae, Flying Squirrel,Buceros bicornis,Great Hornbill

Features:The beak and casque are both large, black at the base, orange-red at the tip of the beak and the top of the casque, orange-yellow at the sides of the beak, and milky white at the lower beak.

Great Hornbill has two subspecies.Great Hornbill often moves alone during the breeding season, and likes to move in groups on tall banyan trees during the non-breeding season. When the fruits are ripe, most hornbills feed in one place until all the food is eaten. They often fly in groups, one after...

Anthracoceros coronatus

Anthracoceros coronatus

Anthracoceros coronatus,Malabar pied hornbill,Crowned Hornbill, Airplane Bird

Features:The mouth has a large helmet process, which is waxy yellow or ivory white in color. There is a significant black spot in front of the helmet process.

The Malabar pied hornbill is called Malabar pied hornbill in English, and has 2 subspecies.The Malabar pied hornbill is a resident bird. It often moves in groups except during the breeding season. It often lives and moves in trees, and sometimes forages on the ground. The call is "Gak, Gak, Gak...

Harpactes oreskios

Harpactes oreskios

Harpactes oreskios,Orange-breasted Trogon

Features:Poor flying ability, fast but not far

Orange-breasted Trogon, also known as Orange-breasted Trogon, has 5 subspecies.Orange-breasted Trogons often move alone or in pairs; they are arboreal, either climbing on the top branches of small trees to eat wild fruits, or standing quietly on tree branches waiting for an opportunity to pounce on...

Phodilus badius

Phodilus badius

Phodilus badius,Oriental Bay-owl

Features:A medium-sized rufous owl.

Oriental Bay-owl, also known as Oriental Bay-owl, has a heart-shaped face and erect ears that are very similar to those of a barn owl. There are four subspecies.Chestnut owls often move alone or in pairs, and sometimes in small groups of 2-3. It is a nocturnal bird, roosting during the day on tree t...

Tyto longimembris

Tyto longimembris

Tyto longimembris,Eastern Grass-owl, Monkey-faced owl, Monkey eagle, White-breasted grass owl

Features:The face is heart-shaped, similar to a barn owl, but the face and chest are very dark yellow, and the upper body is dark brown.

The Eastern Grass-owl is a medium-sized bird of prey with 6 subspecies.The Grass-owl lives in the grass and shrubs at the foot of the mountain and feeds on rodents, frogs, snakes, bird eggs, etc. Its call is loud and piercing. During the day, the grass owl hides in the woods to recharge its batterie...

Tyto alba

Tyto alba

Tyto alba,Barn Owl,Monkey-faced eagle, Monkey-headed eagle

Features:A famous mouse catcher

Barn Owl is a medium-sized bird with 32 subspecies.The barn owl often moves alone. It usually lives in trees or caves during the day, and only comes out at dusk and night. Sometimes it appears in broken houses, cemeteries or other ruins. It flies fast and powerfully without making any sound, and app...