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Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wading birds Climbing birds Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Pelargopsis amauropterus

Pelargopsis amauropterus

Pelargopsis amauropterus,Brown-winged Kingfisher

Features:

Pelargopsis amauropterus, Brown-winged Kingfisher, has no subspecies.Brownwing jadeites live almost exclusively along the coastal line, where they are found in mangroves, mudflats, estuaries and saltwater bays. Sometimes it penetrates several kilometers inland along rivers. They catch crabs in the l...

Pelargopsis melanorhyncha

Pelargopsis melanorhyncha

Pelargopsis melanorhyncha,Black-billed Kingfisher,Great-billed Kingfisher

Features:

The scientific name Pelargopsis melanorhyncha, the foreign name Black-billed Kingfisher, Great-billed Kingfisher, has three subspecies.The big mouth jade is generally alone or couples to hunt together. Most of the food comes from the aquatic environment, either on land or in fresh water from inside....

Caridonax fulgidus

Caridonax fulgidus

Caridonax fulgidus,Glittering kingfisher

Features:

Glittering kingfisher The Glittering Kingfisher emerald has two subspecies and its scientific name is Caridonax fulgidus.White waist jade is generally alone or lovers to hunt together. Like most forest kingfishers, they are completely carnivorous. Often searching for prey in leaves or dirt. The main...

Dacelo gaudichaud

Dacelo gaudichaud

Dacelo gaudichaud,Rufous-bellied Giant Kingfisher,Rufous-bellied kookaburra

Features:It can produce seven different sounds, similar to the rhythm of music

The Rufous-bellied Giant Kingfisher and Rufous-bellied kookaburra have no subspecies.The brown-belted Kookaburra feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates. Generally live in a family unit. Perched among the trees, chasing forest lizards and large insects. In order to feed, they sometimes desce...

Dacelo tyro

Dacelo tyro

Dacelo tyro,Spangled kookaburra,Aru Giant Kingfisher

Features:Completely carnivorous, young birds feed primarily on insects, including beetles, ants, and insects (the latter may reach up to 12 cm).
Social habits are not known: the blue-winged Kookaburra, for example, uses a single or small group of five birds. The cape Kookaburra, like most other game kingfishers, hunts at a height of 1 to 4 meters. It hardly moves, sometimes only moving the head and tail. When it spots prey, it swoops down. Experts believe that this kingfisher has the same complex social behavior as the Australian Kookaburra, and also has nesting "helpers" (in avian society, individuals other than the parent bird help build the nest, known as "helpers"). In addition, it is often mixed with the call of the blue-winged Kookaburra, the call is very similar, making a series of "kourk" guttural sounds.

The scientific name Dacelo tyro, the foreign name Spangled kookaburra, Aru Giant Kingfisher, there are two subspecies, depending on the geographical differences. The cape Kookaburra, which lives in the Aru Islands, is generally dark in color. A caped Kookaburra of New Guinea having a blue upper body...

Dacelo leachii

Dacelo leachii

Dacelo leachii,Blue-winged kookaburra

Features:The head is out of proportion to the rest of the body, the neck thick, powerful mouth dagger-shaped

The Blue-winged kookaburra has four subspecies, Dacelo leachii and blue-winged Kookaburra。The calls of the blue-winged kookaburra resemble calls, coughs, murmurs, and laughter. Parents teach young birds to learn to beat defeated prey to death on a rock or tree branch. They also spend a lot of time...

Dacelo novaeguineae

Dacelo novaeguineae

Dacelo novaeguineae,Laughing Kookaburra,Laughing Jackass

Features:It is considered one of Australia's iconic birds and was used as a mascot at the Sydney Olympic Games.

Laughing Kookaburra, Laughing Jackass and Dacelo novaeguineae have two subspecies.Kookaburra live in groups of one to five families, consisting of several parents and two generations of their children. Kookaburra territorial concept is very strong, if there is a foreign invasion they will attack inv...

Clytoceyx rex

Clytoceyx rex

Clytoceyx rex,Shovel-billed Kingfisher,Shovelbilled kingfisher

Features:It is the only representative species of the Kingfisher family in New Guinea

The Shovel-billed Kingfisher has two subspecies, Clytoceyx rex and shovel-billed kingfisher。Shovel-billed kingfishers are resident birds. They often live alone, usually resting on stumps and rocks near the river, and sometimes on the low branches of small trees near the river. Often for a long time...

Cittura cyanotis

Cittura cyanotis

Cittura cyanotis,Sulawesi Blue-eared Kingfisher,Celebes flatbilled kingfishe

Features:Good at fishing

The species is known as Cittura cyanotis, Sulawesi Blue-eared Kingfisher, Celebes flatbilled kingfishe, and has three subspecies.The Sura blue-eared kingfisher itself is very timid and rarely seen, stealthily hiding in the middle of adjacent branches and trunks and at the base of vegetation, crouchi...

Tanysiptera danae

Tanysiptera danae

Tanysiptera danae,Brown-backed Paradise Kingfisher

Features:

Tanysiptera danae, Brown-backed Paradise Kingfisher, is a very beautiful kingfisher.A completely carnivorous kingfisher, its hunting techniques are roughly the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishers, but it also has its own characteristics. Often hidden in the shade of the tree near t...

Tanysiptera nympha

Tanysiptera nympha

Tanysiptera nympha,Red-breasted paradise kingfisher

Features:

Tanysiptera nympha, Red-breasted paradise kingfisher, is a brightly colored bird.The emerald is a completely carnivorous kingfisher, and its hunting techniques are roughly the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishers, but it also has its own characteristics. Often hidden in the shade of...

Tanysiptera nigriceps

Tanysiptera nigriceps

Tanysiptera nigriceps,Black-capped Paradise Kingfisher

Features:

Tanysiptera nigriceps, the foreign name Black-capped Paradise Kingfisher, the specific habit is unknown.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!...

Tanysiptera sylvia

Tanysiptera sylvia

Tanysiptera sylvia,Buff-breasted paradise kingfisher

Features:It is the only bird in the kingfisher family with a long, ribbon-like tail

Tanysiptera sylvia, Buff-breasted paradise kingfisher, has 4 subspecies.A completely carnivorous kingfisher, its hunting techniques are roughly the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishers, but it also has its own characteristics. Often hidden in the shade of the tree near the water to...

Tanysiptera hydrocharis

Tanysiptera hydrocharis

Tanysiptera hydrocharis,Little paradise kingfisher

Features:

The scientific name Tanysiptera hydrocharis, the foreign name Little paradise kingfisher, is a species of emerald in the family Kingfisher.The Arusan emerald is a completely carnivorous kingfisher, and its hunting techniques are much the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishers, but it...

Tanysiptera carolinae

Tanysiptera carolinae

Tanysiptera carolinae,Numfor Paradise Kingfisher

Features:The head, body, and wings are purple-blue, but the color is not consistent

Blue fairy jade scientific name Tanysiptera carolinae, foreign name Numfor Paradise Kingfisher, no subspecies.Blue jade like to wash feathers in the pond, is a completely carnivorous kingfisher, its hunting technology and other kinds of hunting kingfisher is roughly the same, lonely, usually alone i...

Tanysiptera riedelii

Tanysiptera riedelii

Tanysiptera riedelii,Biak paradise kingfisher,Riedel’s Racquet-tail,Biak Paradise-kingfisher

Features:

Biak emerald Tanysiptera riedelii, Biak Paradise kingfisher, Riedel's Racquet-tail, Biak Paradise-Kingfisher, is one of the genus of emerald.The Biak Island emerald is a completely carnivorous kingfisher, and its hunting techniques are much the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishe...

Tanysiptera ellioti

Tanysiptera ellioti

Tanysiptera ellioti,Kofiau Paradise-kingfisher

Features:It has a navy blue crest and a pair of very long tail feathers.

Black-winged emerald Tanysiptera ellioti, foreign name Kofiau Paradise-kingfisher, is one of the genus of emerald.A completely carnivorous kingfisher, its hunting techniques are much the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishers, but it also has its own characteristics. Often hidden in t...

Tanysiptera galatea

Tanysiptera galatea

Tanysiptera galatea,Common Paradise-kingfisher

Features:

Tanysiptera galatea, Common Paradise-kingfisher, has 15 subspecies.The fairy emerald is a completely carnivorous kingfisher, and its hunting techniques are roughly the same as those of other species of hunting kingfishers, but it also has its own characteristics. Often hidden in the shade of the tre...

Lacedo pulchella

Lacedo pulchella

Lacedo pulchella,Banded Kingfisher

Features:

It is known as Lacedo pulchella and has three subspecies。The song of the barred kingfisher is a long series of whistles "ouiiiou", followed by 15 short hisses after a short 17-second interval, then shortening the first syllable and fading away in the last two syllables.Barred kingfishers...

MeliMelidora macrorrhinadora macrorrhina

MeliMelidora macrorrhinadora macrorrhina

MeliMelidora macrorrhinadora macrorrhina,Hook-billed Kingfishe

Features:

MeliMelidora macrorrhinadora macrorrhina, also known as Hook-billed Kingfishe, has three subspecies.The hook-billed kingfisher is mostly active at dusk and at night. They often sing in dense forests, sometimes at night, especially before dawn. When there is a moon, it calls constantly, often causing...

Actenoides hombroni

Actenoides hombroni

Actenoides hombroni,Blue-capped Kingfisher,Hombron's kingfisher

Features:The feathers on the head are like a blue-purple hat

The Blue-capped emerald Actenoides hombroni, also known as Blue-capped Kingfisher and Hombron's kingfisher, is endemic to the Philippines.Blue-topped jadeite hunt alone or in pairs. Like most forest kingfishers, they are completely carnivorous. Often searching for prey in leaves or dirt. The mai...