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Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wading birds Climbing birds Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Meller’s Duck

Meller’s Duck

Meller’s Duck,Anas melleri

Features:The wings have dark green mirrors with white edges on the tips of the wings, and white feathers can be seen on the underside of the wings during flight

Meller's Duck: There are two species of duck in Madagascar: Anas bernieri and Anas melleri, and the common name in Chinese is both Malay and Malay.Marmoted ducks usually live in pairs or in small flocks of 11 to 56 ducks, but can also form larger flocks of up to 400 ducks at feeding time. They f...

Anas laysanensis

Anas laysanensis

Anas laysanensis,Laysan Duck

Features:Their beaks are short and flat with black spots

The Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis), formerly a subspecies of the mallard duck, was classified as a separate species in 1987.Lae ducks are most active in the morning and evening, but are also adjusted by food availability. The Lai Island duck is highly capable of flying and can reach as far as the Ch...

Hottentot Teal

Hottentot Teal

Hottentot Teal,Anas hottentota

Features:The duck has a bluish-gray bill, the male is more vivid and bright than the female, and the legs and feet are gray-blue

The South African duck (Anas hottentota), commonly known as Hottentot Teal, lives in couples or small groups and forages in the early morning or late evening. Vegetation pools along coastlines and wetlands. It mainly floats on the surface of the water and gets its food underwater, eating plants as t...

Anas gracilis

Anas gracilis

Anas gracilis,Grey Teal

Features:

The Grey duck (Anas gracilis), also known as Grey Teal, was once classified as a subspecies of the Javanese grey duck, but was reclassified as a separate species by BirdLife International in 2008.Gray ducks often live in pairs or small flocks, and in winter and migration seasons, flocks of more than...

Anas gibberifrons

Anas gibberifrons

Anas gibberifrons,Sunda Teal

Features:A brown duck with an iron gray bill and mottled feathers

The Javan grey duck (Anas gibberifrons), also known as Sunda Teal, has three subspecies.The Javan grey duck prefers to live in clusters in winter, mostly in wild grass in swampy areas near the water. It mainly floats on the surface of the water and gets its food underwater, eating plants as the stap...

Yellow-billed Pintail

Yellow-billed Pintail

Yellow-billed Pintail,Anas georgica

Features:The bill is bright yellow with a black beak tip

The Yellow-billed Pintail (Anas georgica) has two subspecies.In winter, the yellow-billed pintail ducks prefer to live in clusters, and most of their activities choose to live in the wild grass in the marsh area near the water. It mainly floats on the surface of the water and gets its food underwate...

Anas fulvigula

Anas fulvigula

Anas fulvigula,Mottled Duck

Features:The wings have shiny greenish-blue mirrors

The Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula) is a medium-sized swimming bird in the family Anatidae.The North American spotted duck likes to live in clusters in winter, and most of its activities choose to live in the wild grass in the marsh area near the water. It mainly floats on the surface of the water and...

Anas flavirostris

Anas flavirostris

Anas flavirostris,Speckled Teal

Features:It has brown and yellow mottled upper body and wings

The clubbed duck (Anas flavirostris) is known as Speckled Teal and has four subspecies.In winter, spotted ducks prefer to live in clusters, and most of their activities choose to live in the wild grass in the marsh area near the water. It mainly floats on the surface of the water and g...

Red-billed Duck

Red-billed Duck

Red-billed Duck,Red-billed Teal

Features:It has a black cap on its head, white cheeks and nape, and a bright red beak

The red-mouted duck (Anas erythrorhyncha) is a highly social social species, with colonies reaching several thousand during the breeding season or at the end of the dry season, up to 500,000 in Lake Ngami, Botswana. Most of the activities are in the wild grass in the marsh area near the water. The m...

Anas eatoni

Anas eatoni

Anas eatoni,Eaton’s Pintail

Features:

It is also known as Anas eatoni or Eaton's Pintail, and has two subspecies.The Isle of Kay Pintail intakes freshwater lakes, swamps and streams, moving to coastal lagoons in winter. Mainly floating on the water, good at diving, getting food underwater, ducks have webbed toes, good at swimming an...

Anas discors

Anas discors

Anas discors,Blue-winged Teal

Features:

Blue-winged ducks (Anas discors) are known as blue-winged Teal and prefer to flock in winter. Most of the activities are in the wild grass in the marsh area near the water. They often live in groups in rivers, lakes, bays and coastal waters, feeding on grass seeds, rice, snails and mollusks.Blue-win...

Anas cyanoptera

Anas cyanoptera

Anas cyanoptera,Cinnamon Teal

Features:Feather color characteristics vary by age and sex, and are slightly different in different subspecies

The Cinnamon duck (Anas cyanoptera), also known as Cinnamon Teal, has five subspecies.The duck usually congregates in small groups or pairs. During the spring migration, the number of colonies increases to as many as 20 individuals. Spring migration usually occurs in March and April. The cinnamon du...

Anas chlorotis

Anas chlorotis

Anas chlorotis,Brown Teal

Features:Very timid, mostly nocturnal

The New Zealand duck (Anas chlorotis), also known as Brown Teal, was once one of three subspecies of the brown duck and was classified as a separate species in 1993.New Zealand ducks are nocturnal foragers, active from dawn to night, and prefer to hide during the day to avoid predators. It is mainly...

Anas castanea

Anas castanea

Anas castanea,Chestnut-breasted Teal

Features:It is one of the most common ducks in Australia

Chestnut-breasted duck (Anas castanea) Chestnut breasted Teal, no subspecies.Chestnuts usually live in groups with other grey ducks, usually in small groups. In the fall and early winter, spawning season chestnut-breasted ducks can be seen living apart from small flocks in pairs. They're g...

Anas capensis

Anas capensis

Anas capensis,Cape Widgeon

Features:The beak is pink with a black base. Red eyes, dark circles

Anas capensis or Cape Widgeon are aquatic plants and small organisms such as invertebrates, crustaceans, and amphibians. Grey-winged ducks are generally quiet, but can be noisy during mating season. The male will make a clear call, and the female will respond with a squawk. They rarely gather in lar...

Anas bernieri

Anas bernieri

Anas bernieri,Madagascar Teal

Features:The whole body is brown with distinct black spots, especially on the sides and chest

The Madagascar Teal (Anas bernieri) is a slightly smaller teal.The Falkisland ducks live in pairs during breeding period, live in family groups and small groups during non-breeding period, fly fast and stir fast with two wings. Good at swimming and diving, and good at walking. Can run...

Anas bahamensis

Anas bahamensis

Anas bahamensis,White-cheeked Pintail

Features:It has a dark brown cap and nape, white cheeks and throat, and an iron-gray beak

The White-cheeked Pintail duck (Anas bahamensis) has three subspecies and is a medium-sized swimming bird of the genus Anatidae.White-faced pintail ducks like to live in groups and often move around in groups, especially during migration season and winter. Often in large groups of dozens to hundreds...

Anas aucklandica

Anas aucklandica

Anas aucklandica

Features:The face is an even dark brown, with a thin white ring around the eyes

There are three subspecies of the Aoshima duck, Anas aucklandica.Oshima ducks nest in dense coastal vegetation. The main activity time is dusk to night, feeding on Marine invertebrates, but also eating insect larvae and coastal small mollusks or algae and algae.During the breeding season, the Oshima...

Anas albogularis

Anas albogularis

Anas albogularis,Andaman Teal

Features:

The Andaman Teal (Anas albogularis) is a duckling species found in the Andaman Islands of India. This species is considered to be a subspecies of the Java grey duck. The Ashima gray duck is scattered in inland lakes as well as mangroves and lagoons. They feed on rice paddies at night. It mainl...

Amazonetta brasiliensis

Amazonetta brasiliensis

Amazonetta brasiliensis,Brazilian Teal

Features:

Amazonetta brasiliensis, Brazilian Teal, eats seeds, fruits, roots and insects. Specific habits are unknown.Listed in the International Red Book of Birds of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 2009 list ver 3.1.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecologica...

Alopochen aegyptiacus

Alopochen aegyptiacus

Alopochen aegyptiacus,Egyptian Goose

Features:The eyes are brown, with a pair of red circles around the eye socket that look like wearing sunglasses, and the neck and back feathers are chocolate

Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus), no subspecies.Egyptian wild goose is a fierce type of water bird with strong territorial nature. In addition to the fierce call, small ducks that invade the field are often attacked by it. The social water birds usually appear in pairs and are active in the wi...