Oxyura jamaicensis

IUCN

Alias：Oxyura jamaicensis，Ruddy Duck

Basic Information

Scientific classification

name：Oxyura jamaicensis
Aliases：Oxyura jamaicensis，Ruddy Duck
Outline：Waterfowl
Family：

Vital signs

length：36-40CM
Weight：560-590g
lifetime：No textual research information is available

Feature

The drake has a black cap that extends from its eyes to the nape of its neck, white cheeks all year round, bright reddish-brown plumage in summer, a white underbody, and a blue bill

Details

The Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) has three subspecies.

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In addition to the breeding period, the brown-tailed ducks are mostly active in small groups. Good at swimming and diving. It is found in waters close to aquatic plants. Tail up when swimming. It can either float lightly in the water or sink its body, leaving only its head and tail in the water, especially when in danger. Generally do not go on land activities, and rarely fly, even if there is danger, often by diving or swimming, hiding to escape. It was difficult to walk on the ground and awkward to take off, requiring a quick flap of the wings on the water to fly. In addition to the breeding period, there is generally little singing, and the activity is silent.

The brown duck's swimming, diving and flying posture is more like that of a grebe than that of other ducks. They do not travel on land and rarely fly. Can sleep in the wind and waves. They mingle with other ducks and are good at swimming and diving. When swimming, the tail is often raised high. When taking off from the water, it often skimmed over the water for a considerable distance before it had to leave the water.

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Brown hardtail ducks feed mainly by diving, but also directly at the water's edge in shallow water. It feeds on aquatic plants, insects, insect larvae, small fish, frogs, crustaceans, mollusks, worms and other aquatic animals.

The breeding season is from May to July. The nest is a floating nest built in shrubs or grass on the ground near water. Each clutch lays 6-10 eggs. Incubation period is 25 days.

The brown hardtail duck is one of the most dangerous invaders in the UK. They have interbred with the British white-headed hardtail, putting this rare duck "lineage" under serious threat. Originally distributed in North America, the brown hardtail duck was introduced to the United Kingdom in the early 20th century and escaped into the wild to form a natural population and rapidly expanded. By the 1970s, the range of the brown hardtail had expanded to most of continental Europe. The brown hardtail duck can cross with its local relative, Oxyura leucocephala, and overlap with the white-headed hardtail duck in the selection of breeding areas and nesting sites, resulting in the loss of the unique genes of the globally endangered white-headed hardtail and the threat of extinction (Perennou, 1997). As of 2007, the population of the white-headed hardtail in Western Europe is only about 1,000 individuals, and breeds only in Spain, where there is no distribution of the brown hardtail (BirdLife Interna-tional, 2000).

Listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2012 Red List of Threatened Species ver3.1 - Not Threatened (LC).

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Location

Found in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Martin (Netherlands Department) Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands.
Introduced in: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.
Travellers: Algeria, Finland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Slovenia, Tunisia, Turkey.
It breeds in Canada and the northern United States during the summer. During the breeding period, it mainly lives in freshwater lakes in open plain areas, especially in some shallow lakes and ponds near large lakes, especially freshwater lakes with shore plants and emergen

Form

The female's head is dark brown from the crown of the forehead and above the eyes to the nape of the neck, with brown feather tips and a white stripe under the eyes from the base of the bill to the occipital, with a black stripe under the white stripe. The cheeks, throat and foreneck are yellowish-white with dark spots; Lower neck and lower body mostly brown, with dark subterminal spots. The central abdomen of the lower body and the lower tail are covered with yellowish-white feathers, mixed with dark spots. The underback, waist and tail coverts are grayish brown, with dark stripes; The wings and tail are male. The female's winter plumage is darker and less brown, the sides of the head are whiter, and dark spots on the cheeks are more pronounced.
Juveniles and females have similar winter plumage, but the head cheek spots are more prominent, the side of the head is whiter, the upper body is darker, and the lower body is more yellowish.
Iris yellow or orange in male, ligh