Slater-eating Spider

Details

The Slater-eating Spider is a ground-dwelling hunting spider that specialises in feeding on woodlice and related crustaceans, commonly called slaters. Its scientific name is Dysdera crocata, a member of the family Dysderidae. Originally native to the Mediterranean and parts of Europe, it has now spread with human activities to many other regions and is frequently encountered in gardens and urban habitats.

Taxonomy & Names

• Common English names: Slater-eating Spider, Woodlouse Spider, Woodlouse Hunter

• Scientific name: Dysdera crocata C. L. Koch, 1838

• Family: Dysderidae (woodlouse hunter spiders)

• Genus: Dysdera

Appearance

The Slater-eating Spider is quite distinctive and can be recognised by several clear features:

• Body size: adult females are about 11–15 mm long, males about 9–10 mm; overall body length can      approach 2 cm;

• Colouration: the cephalothorax and legs are bright orange-red to reddish brown, while the abdomen      is cream, pale grey or yellowish brown, giving a strong colour contrast;

• Large fangs: it has a pair of very long, forward-pointing chelicerae (fangs) that look oversized      for the body and are used to pierce the hard armour of woodlice;

• Six eyes: unlike most spiders, which have eight eyes, this species has only six eyes arranged in a tight oval;

• Body shape: the body is somewhat cylindrical and compact, with relatively short but strong legs      adapted for moving among stones and leaf litter.

Distribution & Habitat

Dysdera crocata is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean–European region, but it is nowcosmopolitan and has been introduced to many parts of the world. It is common in:

• City and suburban gardens, vegetable patches and backyards under stones, bricks and timber;

• Parks, hedges and landscaped areas with moist ground cover;

• Forest edges and places with deep leaf litter or rotting wood;

• Occasionally basements, sheds and other damp human structures.

The spider prefers moist, sheltered microhabitats close to the ground, which are also favoured by its prey, the woodlice.

Behaviour & Diet

The Slater-eating Spider is a nocturnal wandering hunter:

• During the day it hides under stones, bark, planks or in a silk-lined retreat;

• At night it leaves its shelter to actively search for prey on the ground;

• Its primary diet consists of woodlice (slaters, sowbugs and pillbugs), but it may also take other small      invertebrates when available.

When it encounters a woodlouse, the spider lunges forward and uses its powerful fangs to grip the prey from the sides, piercing the tough exoskeleton and injecting venom. The prey is then carried to a more secure spot to be consumed.

Retreats & Reproduction

Slater-eating Spiders do not build prey-catching webs. Instead they construct a silken, sac-like retreatunder stones or in crevices, which serves as:

• a daytime hiding place and shelter;

• a safe location for moulting;

• a protected nursery where the female lays and guards her eggs.

The female usually seals herself inside with the egg sac until the spiderlings hatch and are ready to disperse, providing additional protection during the earliest life stages.

Venom & Medical Significance

The spider’s large fangs mean that a bite can be quite painful, and people may experience local redness, swelling or itching at the site. However, available medical reports indicate that the venom is not considered dangerous for healthy adults and serious systemic symptoms are very rare.

Basic first aid recommendations include washing the bite with soap and water, applying a cold pack for pain and swelling, and seeking medical advice if severe or unusual symptoms occur, especially in children or allergy-prone individuals.

Ecological Role & Relationship with Humans

By feeding on woodlice and other small invertebrates, Slater-eating Spiders contribute to natural regulation of ground-dwelling arthropods in gardens and urban green spaces. In most situations they can be regarded asbeneficial predators rather than pests.

If one is found indoors, the simplest solution is usually to gently capture it in a container and release it outside, rather than using insecticides. Reducing damp clutter near buildings will also make conditions less attractive for both woodlice and their specialised spider predators.