Nurse Shark

Details

The nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) is a common coastal shark of the western Atlantic–Caribbean, in family Ginglymostomatidae. A nocturnal, benthic ambush predator, it often rests in groups under ledges or in caves by day, and is frequently encountered by divers.

Ecology & Behaviour

• Diet: demersal fishes, crustaceans and molluscs (e.g., lobsters, crabs, octopus); the mouth generates strong suction to extract prey.

• Activity: diurnal resting, nocturnal foraging; strong site fidelity and small home ranges.

• Reproduction: aplacental viviparous; gestation ~5–6 months; litters of ~20–30 pups; breeding may be biennial.

Identification

Prominent barbels on the snout; subterminal mouth with small, fine teeth; both dorsal fins are set posteriorly; short caudal peduncle; overall uniform brownish‑tan colour (juveniles with pale spots). Small spiracles behind the eyes.

Size & Longevity

• Length: commonly 2.0–3.0 m (rarely larger).

• Weight: typically 70–110 kg (large females heavier).

• Life: ~25–35 years (region‑dependent).

Range & Habitat

Primarily the western Atlantic (SE USA to the Caribbean and Brazil), including the Gulf of Mexico and Bahamas; favours coral reefs, seagrass meadows, mangroves and sandy bottoms, usually at 1–40 m.

Threats & Conservation

• Fisheries: takes in small‑scale coastal fisheries and recreational catches; incidental net entanglement.

• Habitat degradation: reef decline, mangrove loss and coastal pollution.

• Human interaction: baiting/handling can cause bites and behavioural change.

IUCN global status: Vulnerable (VU). Priorities: spatio‑temporal protection of key habitats/resting sites, bycatch mitigation & safe release, and responsible wildlife tourism (no feeding/touching; distance and group‑size limits).