Names of Freshwater Turtle Species and Their Characteristics

Are you curious about freshwater turtles or considering keeping one as a pet? If so, you’ve probably realized that there is an enormous variety of freshwater turtles, and without some knowledge, it can be difficult—even impossible—to distinguish between them. This article introduces some of the most common freshwater turtle species, their main traits, and their habitats, along with important warnings for potential pet owners.

It is worth noting that although many of these turtles have been popular pets, they live much better in their natural environment. Also, not all freshwater turtles are safe to keep at home—some species can be quite dangerous due to their extremely powerful bite.

Common Freshwater Turtle Species

1. Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Probably the most well-known freshwater turtle, also called the Florida Turtle. Native to the U.S. and Mexico, it can grow up to 30 cm in length. Its green shell has yellow markings, and the most distinctive feature is the two red patches on each side of its head—hence the name “red-eared.” Females are generally larger than males.

Once the most popular reptile pet worldwide, red-eared sliders have become an invasive species in many regions, including Spain, after being abandoned by owners. They compete aggressively for food and space, threatening native species. As a result, their sale is now banned in several countries.

2. Yellow-Bellied Slider (Trachemys scripta scripta)

A close relative of the red-eared slider, this turtle is also native to the U.S. and Mexico. It has yellow stripes on its neck, head, and plastron (the underside of the shell). It grows up to 30 cm but is generally browner in color compared to the red-eared slider.

Like its cousin, it can become invasive when released into non-native habitats, though it spreads less aggressively.

3. Pig-Nosed Turtle (Carettochelys insculpta)

Also called the Ramsay Turtle or Papuan Softshell Turtle, it comes from Australia and New Guinea. Unlike most freshwater turtles, it has a soft shell. Its triangular head, large round nostrils, and pig-like snout give it a very unique appearance.

Pig-nosed turtles can reach 60 cm in length and weigh up to 25 kg. They spend nearly their entire lives in the water, coming to land only to lay eggs.

4. Cumberland Slider (Trachemys scripta troosti)

Native to the U.S., this turtle has a bright green shell with black and yellow lines. Smaller than the previous species, it usually reaches just over 20 cm.

It is omnivorous, feeding on algae, fish, crabs, mollusks, insects, and tadpoles. Semi-aquatic in nature, it sometimes basks in the sun but mostly feeds underwater.

5. Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)

A small freshwater species that grows to about 12 cm. Its dark green or bluish shell and skin are dotted with distinctive yellow spots. Females are slightly larger than males.

Found in the U.S. and Canada, the spotted turtle is unfortunately threatened due to habitat loss and over-collection for the pet trade.

6. Common Musk Turtle (Sternotherus carinatus)

Also called the Stinkpot Turtle or Keel-Back Musk Turtle, this species is native to the U.S. It is among the smallest freshwater turtles, with a maximum size of about 15 cm.

Its light brown shell is highly domed, giving it a bulb-like appearance. Its nickname “stinkpot” comes from its ability to release a foul-smelling secretion when threatened.

Dangerous Freshwater Turtle Species

While most freshwater turtles are relatively harmless, the following species are known for their powerful jaws and potentially dangerous behavior, making them unsuitable as pets:

1. Mata Mata Turtle (Chelus fimbriata)

Native to the Amazon Basin, this turtle has a bizarre, spiny appearance with a long snorkel-like nose. It uses this adaptation to breathe while hiding underwater and ambush prey. Known for its extremely strong bite, it preys on fish and small animals.

2. Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii)

One of the largest and most dangerous turtles in the world, weighing up to 100 kg and measuring over half a meter in length. Its beak-like jaws and massive jaw muscles allow it to bite with tremendous force, capable of severing human fingers. It can live for more than a century.

3. Big-Headed Turtle (Platysternon megacephalum)

This turtle has an unusually large head and extremely strong jaws. Its long tail and sharp bite make it a formidable species. While it doesn’t attack humans for food, it can inflict severe injuries if threatened.

4. Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

Also called Bull Turtle or Devil Turtle, it is smaller than the alligator snapping turtle but still aggressive and powerful. Its strong jaws and muscular body make it a dangerous species, especially if mishandled.

Conclusion

Freshwater turtles come in a wide variety—from gentle, small species to large, powerful turtles with dangerous bites. Some are fascinating to observe, but many are unsuitable for captivity. Several species have also become invasive when released into non-native environments, threatening ecosystems.

If you are interested in freshwater turtles, the best way to appreciate them is through responsible observation and education, not impulsive buying or releasing.

animal tags： freshwater turtle