The living habits and nutritional value of salmon (a mile in the river is as long as a mile in the s

Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) belongs to the order Salmoniformes, family Salmonidae, and genus Salmon. Commonly known as: Dafa salmon, Dafa salmon, Guoduo fish, Luoguo fish, Gudong fish, flounder, Qimeng fish, spotted trout, flower trout. English name: Big pacific-salmon, Chum salmon.

The body of salmon is long and flat on the sides, slightly like a spindle; it gradually rises from the back of the head to the front of the base of the dorsal fin. The starting point of the dorsal fin is the highest point of the body, and then gradually curves downward toward the tail. The side of the head is flat, the tip of the snout is protruding and slightly curved. The mouth has a large cleft, shaped like a bird's beak, especially in the male fish during the reproductive period. It bends towards each other like a pincer, making the upper and lower jaws inconsistent. The maxilla is obvious and free, with its posterior end extending to the posterior edge of the eye. The upper and lower jaws each have a row of sharp teeth, which are sharp and curved inward. Except for the four pairs of teeth at the front of the lower jaw, which are larger, the remaining teeth are all small. The eyes are small and the scales are tiny and arranged in an imbricate shape. The adipose fin is small and located very posteriorly. Caudal fin deeply forked. The body color is silvery white when living in the ocean. Soon after entering the river and migrating, the color becomes very bright. The back and sides of the body first turn to yellow-green, then gradually darken to bluish black, and the belly is silvery white. There are 8-12 orange-red marriage-colored horizontal stripes on the side of the body. The stripes are thicker on the female fish and larger on the male fish. The snout, jaw, gill cover and abdomen are blue-black or dark pale, and the anal and pelvic fins are green. off-white. When arriving at the spawning ground, the body color becomes darker.

Salmon is a cold water anadromous spawning and migratory fish. Originally inhabiting the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, they live in the ocean for 3-5 years (usually reaching sexual maturity at age 4) before entering Heilongjiang in groups for reproductive migration in summer or autumn. They can be divided into two groups of organisms based on the time they travel upstream. , summer type and autumn type; only the autumn type has been traced back into China. Most spawn downstream, and only a few reach upstream to spawn. They travel up the river, day and night, and work tirelessly. They can advance 30-35 kilometers every day and night. No matter they encounter shallow canyons or rapid waterfalls, they do not retreat and rush through numerous obstacles until they reach their destination. Adult fish do not eat after entering the freshwater reproductive period. Salmon have very strict requirements on the conditions of the spawning ground. The environment should be quiet, the water quality should be clear, the current should be fast, the water temperature should be 5-7°C, and the bottom should be gravel. The spawning period is from late October to mid-November. Before spawning, the male fish beats the gravel with its tail fin and uses the impact of the water flow to form a circular pit with a diameter of about 100 cm and a depth of about 30 cm, called a "bed"; the female fish lays eggs in the bed, while the male fish Ejaculation. The female fish repeatedly stirs the gravel with her tail fin to bury the eggs. After spawning, male and female fish linger around the spawning ground for a long time. Due to their long and arduous migration, they no longer eat during the migration, and they build "beds" to lay eggs, so their physical strength is exhausted. After spawning, the salmon are dark, thin, and covered with injuries. Has lost its edible value. Therefore, they die 7-14 days after laying eggs, completing the task of reproducing offspring arduously. They only reproduce once in their lifetime, and the number of bad eggs is more than 4,000. The larvae hatched from fertilized eggs like to lurk in dark places among gravels. When they grow to about 50 mm, they begin to descend into the river and into the sea, feeding on small plankton or dead mothers along the way. When they arrive at the seaport, they stay for a while and then head towards the far shore. Migrate; when reaching sexual maturity, they return to freshwater rivers to complete the task of reproducing offspring. Salmon are ferocious carnivorous fish. When they are young, they eat benthic organisms and aquatic insects. In the ocean, they mainly feed on small fish such as jade fish and herring.

Salmon are distributed on the east and west coasts of the North Pacific. In my country, the Wusuli River, Heilongjiang River, and Songhua River are the most common, and they are also distributed in the Tumen River, Hunchun River, Mijiang River, Suifen River, Nenjiang River, Mudanjiang River, and Dajia River in Taiwan Province. The fishing season is from September to October. The length of the fish group is generally 53-81 cm, the weight is 1-5 kg, and the largest individual can reach about 10 kg. There are three types of salmon in rivers in my country: common salmon (O.keta), Masou salmon (O.masou) and humpback salmon (O.gorbuscha).

Salmon is not only a large and precious specialty fish in Heilongjiang Province, but also one of the rare freshwater fish in my country. Its meat is delicate, red, delicious, extremely rich in fat and has high nutritional value. It contains 14.9-17.5% protein, 8.7-17.8% fat, and 61.4% moisture. Each 100 grams contains 1384 calories, 50 mg of calcium, 153 mg of phosphorus, and 1.9 mg of iron. In addition, it also contains sugar and multiple vitamins. Its eggs are crystal clear, like pearls, rich in phosphate, calcium and vitamins A and D, and are recognized as a delicacy for banquets. Salting it into "salmon roe" is the "red fish roe" that is famous in the international market and is extremely popular among people in Europe and the United States. The Hezhen people living in Heilongjiang Province also use salmon skin to make leather clothes, long boots, cigarette bags and wallets. The meat, liver, testes and head of salmon all have medicinal value. Its meat has the effects of replenishing deficiency, strengthening the spleen and stomach, warming the stomach and harmonizing the heart. It can treat edema, weight loss, indigestion, bloating, acid vomiting, convulsions, swelling and sores. Cod liver oil can be extracted from cod liver. Testis can extract protamine and prepare a variety of protamine preparations, which are suitable for treating reactions caused by excessive injection of heparin; it also has obvious hemostatic effects on certain types of hemorrhage (such as acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hemoptysis, etc.).

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