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Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wading birds Climbing birds Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Dendrocygna autumnalis

Dendrocygna autumnalis

Dendrocygna autumnalis,Black-bellied Whistling-duck,Black-bellied Whistling Duck

Features:It has a long red beak and long legs, a long light gray head, and the body feathers are also mostly grayish-brown, and the belly and tail are black

The Black-bellied Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) has two subspecies: Black-bellied Whistling Duck and black-bellied whistling duck.Black-bellied ducks do not migrate. They range from Arizona, Louisiana and parts of Texas. In parts of the far north birds travel south in winter. Flying long d...

Dendrocygna arcuata

Dendrocygna arcuata

Dendrocygna arcuata,Wandering Whistling-duck,Wandering Whistling Duck

Features:The sides of the head, neck, and chest show a pale yellow color, forming dark patches with the color of the front chest and neck

The zebra duck (Dendrocygna arcuata) has three subspecies: Wandering Whistling Duck and Wandering Whistling Duck.Zebra ducks can feed both on the surface and under the water, and sometimes on the ground near the water to forage for grass. The food is mainly plant food such as rice, crop seedlings, g...

Dendrocygna arborea

Dendrocygna arborea

Dendrocygna arborea,West Indian Whistling-duck,Black-billed Wood-duck,Cuban Tree-duck,West Indian Tree-duck,West Indian Whistling Duck

Features:It's a large, upright, long-necked teal

West Indian tree duck Dendrocygna arborea) West Indian Whistling-duck, Black-billed Wood-duck, Cuban Tree-duck, West Indian Tree-duck, West The Indian Whistling Duck is a member of the Anseriformes family.The West Indian tree duck is a non-migratory bird, active at night, dusk and dawn. They can fee...

Cygnus buccinator

Cygnus buccinator

Cygnus buccinator,Trumpeter Swan

Features:It is the largest native bird in North America, and its weight and shape are the largest waterfowl living on Earth.

The black-billed Swan (Cygnus buccinator) is known as Trumpeter Swan and has no subspecies.Black-billed swans love to cluster, and often live in groups except during the breeding period, especially in winter, often showing family group activities, and sometimes dozens to hundreds of large groups of...

Blue-winged Goose

Blue-winged Goose

Blue-winged Goose,Cyanochen cyanopterus

Features:It is named after the grey blue feathers on its wings

Blue-winged geese (Cyanochen cyanopterus) are blue-winged Goose birds in the genus Cyanopterus.The range of blue-winged geese is generally high elevation grassland scrub or grassland, at an altitude of about 1800 meters. Nomadic foraging near water, feeding mainly on grasses, seeds, various aquatic...

Ruddy-headed Goose

Ruddy-headed Goose

Ruddy-headed Goose,Chloephaga rubidiceps

Features:The brown-headed grass goose is actually a kind of cock-nosed duck, not a goose goose

Chloephaga rubidiceps (Chloephaga rubidiceps), a Ruddy-headed Goose, is a bird of the anatidae order.The wild goose is often active in nearby freshwater areas and coastal lagoons, and has strong terrestrial habitat, low swimming level, and raised chest and hindquarters when entering the water. Sex a...

Ashy-headed Goose

Ashy-headed Goose

Ashy-headed Goose,Chloephaga poliocephala

Features:It is a stocky, male, and beautiful bird with similar plumage

Chloephaga poliocephala (Chloephaga poliocephala), a foreign language name Ashy-headed Goose, is a bird in the antheriformes family.They inhabit the southernmost lowlands of South America and winter in the northern mountains. A beech forest area of the genus fagus that occurs frequently in jungle sw...

Upland Goose

Upland Goose

Upland Goose,Chloephaga picta

Features:There are typical white wing spots, with slender black stripes on the abdomen

Chloephaga picta (Chloephaga picta) foreign name Upland Goose, there are two subspecies.Zebra goose (often active in nearby freshwater areas and coastal lagoons, land habitat is strong, swimming level is not high, enter the water chest and hindquarters raised. Sex alert and timid, people can not app...

Andean Goose

Andean Goose

Andean Goose,Chloephaga melanoptera

Features:The curvature of the wings has bone distance, which is a powerful weapon, and the anatomical characteristics are similar to those of geese, but they are not true geese

Chloephaga melanoptera (Chloephaga melanoptera), a foreign language name Andean Goose, is a bird of the Angoose order.Black-winged wild geese often live in nearby freshwater areas and coastal lagoons. They have strong terrestrial habitat, low swimming level, and raise their chest and hindquarters wh...

Chloephaga hybrida

Chloephaga hybrida

Chloephaga hybrida,Kelp Goose

Features:Adult males are almost entirely white, with black bills, orange legs and feet, and females have black feathers with bright white stripes

Chloephaga hybrida, Kelp Goose, has two subspecies.The white grass goose lives in a small range, extending from southern Chile, through Tierra del Fuego to the southernmost tip of Argentina, living in rocky or pebble areas on the coast, often in nearby freshwater areas and coastal lagoons, land sex...

Chenonetta jubata

Chenonetta jubata

Chenonetta jubata,Australian Wood Duck

Features:It is plump and has long legs and a stubby beak compared to other ducks

Australian Wood Duck (Chenonetta jubata), no subspecies.Maned forest ducks like clusters, often integrating hundreds of large groups of activities. Flying agile and powerful, wings stirring fast and loud, head straight forward, often in a straight line or 'V', line formation. Taking off on t...

Cereopsis novaehollandiae

Cereopsis novaehollandiae

Cereopsis novaehollandiae,Cape Barren Goose

Features:It is a large goose of southern Australia

The Australian grey Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) has two subspecies, Cape Barren Goose.The Australian grey goose is a distantly related goose native to Australia, foraging on land rather than in water, and is wary and difficult to approach. Most of the time on the land, rarely in the water, but...

Callonetta leucophrys

Callonetta leucophrys

Callonetta leucophrys,Ringed Teal

Features:There's a broad black stripe running from the top of the head to the nape of the neck

The ringnecked duck (Callonetta leucophrys), also known as Ringed Teal, is a member of the Anseriformes family.The ring-necked duck dives for food. The main food is insects and their larvae, worms, crustaceans, mollusks, small fish, frogs, tadpoles and other available freshwater and saltwater aquati...

Cairina moschata

Cairina moschata

Cairina moschata,Muscovy Duck

Features:The base of the beak and around the eyes have red or dark skin nodules, fluttering in the water, but not good at swimming in the water for a long time

The Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) has no subspecies. The body color of artificially domesticated warty rhinoconic ducks is mostly pure white, generally known as "white fan", but there are also mixed color types with black and white feathers, similar to the body color of wild warty rhinoc...

Bucephala islandica

Bucephala islandica

Bucephala islandica,Barrow’s Goldeneye

Features:The name comes from the namer, Sir Barrow

Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) is a medium-sized water duck.Native to North America and Iceland, it is a rare traveler bird in Europe and is closely related to the magpie duck in Europe. Usually cohabitate on a lake rich in insects as well as mollusks and crustaceans. In winter move to...

Bucephala albeola

Bucephala albeola

Bucephala albeola,Bufflehead

Features:It has a large head with fluffy feathers, and a body plumage that is thicker than that of a small duck

Bufflehead (scientific name: Bucephala albeola), no subspecies.White pillow Magpie ducks begin their migration in late October and early November, flying over the mountains and grasslands of the high plains, from Arizona, New Mexico and California, east to the Atlantic coast, a trans-regional distan...

Bucephala albeola

Bucephala albeola

Bucephala albeola,Bufflehead

Features:It has a large head with fluffy feathers, and a body plumage that is thicker than that of a small duck

Bufflehead (scientific name: Bucephala albeola), no subspecies.White pillow Magpie ducks begin their migration in late October and early November, flying over the mountains and grasslands of the high plains, from Arizona, New Mexico and California, east to the Atlantic coast, a trans-regional distan...

Branta sandvicensis

Branta sandvicensis

Branta sandvicensis,Hawaiian Goose

Features:It is related to the Canadian barnacle, a non-migratory land goose that evolved after the Canadian Barnacle migrated to Hawaii

The wild Goose (Branta sandvicensis) is known as Hawaiian Goose without subspecies.The typical wild goose is mostly distributed in the cold regions of the north and is a migratory bird, but the Hawaiian barnacle goose is an exception, staying in the tropical Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaiian barnacle g...

Branta canadensis

Branta canadensis

Branta canadensis,Canada Goose

Features:It is the largest anechelon species in the world

The Canadian Barnacle Goose (Branta canadensis) is known as Canada Goose. According to the American Ornithologists Union (2004), In 2014, Branta canadensis was split into B. canadensis and B. hutchinsii, with 7 and 5 subspecies, respectively.The Canadian bracken likes to live in groups and often liv...

Biziura lobata

Biziura lobata

Biziura lobata,Musk Duck

Features:The male musk duck is the largest teal in Australia. It has a strong body, dark plumage, and a wart on its beak

Musk Duck (Biziura lobata), the male musk duck is the largest teal in Australia.Musk deer usually move alone or in pairs, but form large flocks during winter migrations. The migration usually takes place at night. Musk deer ducks have long, hard tail feathers, which can sink into the water when swim...

Aythya novaeseelandiae

Aythya novaeseelandiae

Aythya novaeseelandiae,New Zealand Scaup

Features:A water duck that is very good at swimming and can dive to a depth of three meters

The New Zealand submerged duck (Aythya novaeseelandiae), also known as New Zealand Scaup, is the smallest of the teal species.New Zealand diving ducks are omnivorous, feeding on bulbs, leaves, buds, shoots and seeds of various aquatic plants. They also eat animal foods such as crustaceans, mollusks,...