Home>>All Animals>>Birds

Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wading birds Climbing birds Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Lophura erythrophthalma

Lophura erythrophthalma

Lophura erythrophthalma

Features:

Lophura erythrophthalma, often alone or in pairs or in small groups of 3-6 individuals. In winter, there are sometimes as many as 16-17 clusters. Especially in the early morning or evening the most active, poor activity at noon, night more perches in trees. Activities often strut, act alert, run qui...

Lophura edwardsi

Lophura edwardsi

Lophura edwardsi,Edwards's Pheasant

Features:The rooster has a towering white crest and black, blue-shimmering plumage

Lophura edwardsi Edwards' s Pheasant, there are 2 subspecies.Lopheus is a mysterious bird that has rarely been observed in the wild, so little has been documented about its biology and ecology, including details of its diet. Mating and nesting behaviors have not been observed in the wild, only i...

Lophura diardi

Lophura diardi

Lophura diardi,Siamese fireback

Features:The crests are clustered like peacock feathers, small at the front and larger at the end

Siamese fireback (Lophura diardi) is a medium pheasant.Thai pheasants usually live alone or in small groups of three to six individuals. In winter, there are sometimes as many as 16-17 clusters. Especially in the early morning or evening the most active, poor activity at noon, night more perches in...

Lophura bulweri

Lophura bulweri

Lophura bulweri,Bulwer’s Pheasant

Features:With a strange face of sapphire blue

Lophura bulweri, also known as Bulwer's Pheasant, is a pheasant native to Borneo Island.A small flock of three to six individuals, usually alone or in pairs. In winter, there are sometimes as many as 16-17 clusters. Especially in the early morning or evening the most active, poor activity at noo...

Snow Partridge

Snow Partridge

Snow Partridge,Lerwa lerwa

Features:The body feathers are mostly black and white, or black and brown mixed stripes

Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) has three subspecies.Snow quails are good at walking and gliding, and often slide from one hill to another when they encounter enemies. As he walked on the ground he seemed to waddle, to stagger, to be ridiculously awkward. Their feather color is consistent with the surr...

Haematortyx sanguiniceps

Haematortyx sanguiniceps

Haematortyx sanguiniceps,Crimson-headed Partridge

Features:

The red-headed Partridge (Haematortyx sanguiniceps) feeds on hard seeds. Usually live alone or in pairs.Listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2016 Red List of Threatened Species ver 3.1 - Not Threatened (LC).Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecolo...

Gallus varius

Gallus varius

Gallus varius,Green Junglefowl

Features:The top of the head is mainly light blue, turning purple at the peak

The Green fowl (Gallus varius) is a foreign name, Green Junglefowl, without subspecies.Green roosters live not far from the coast and valley of the sea, rice fields and the surrounding dry rocky jungle. Standing in the bush all day, leaving only in the morning and at night. In pairs or small groups...

Gallus sonneratii

Gallus sonneratii

Gallus sonneratii,Grey Junglefowl

Features:The comb is slightly dented and deep red in color, and the plumage is beautifully streaked with yellow and black

The Grey fowl (Gallus sonneratii) is known as Grey Junglefowl and has no subspecies.Grey roosters, like many pheasants in the tropics, forage for food only in the morning and evening. Hiding in the woods during the hottest hours. On cloudy days, however, activities are held throughout the day. The b...

Gallus lafayetii

Gallus lafayetii

Gallus lafayetii,Ceylon Junglefowl

Features:The male bird is large, the body feathers are gorgeous and metallic, and the female bird is small and the body color is simple

The black-tailed fowl (Gallus lafayetii) is Ceylon Junglefowl, no subspecies.The black-tailed pheasant is a species of pheasant, but is most similar in appearance to the grey pheasant and pheasant. The black-tailed pheasant, like the green pheasant, is an island species, evolving alongside predators...

Galloperdix spadicea

Galloperdix spadicea

Galloperdix spadicea,Red Spurfowl

Features:

Galloperdix spadicea, also known as Red Spurfowl, is a timid bird that moves close to the tree canopy. Often in pairs, they search for food around streams or on the edge of cliffs in dry forests. In a dangerous situation, he will pull his legs close to his neck and even jump from rock to rock on a h...

Galloperdix lunulata

Galloperdix lunulata

Galloperdix lunulata,Painted Spurfowl

Features:Dimorphic species endemic to the Indian subcontinent

Galloperdix lunulata: Painted Spurfowl, no subspecies.Painted quails are timid birds that move close to the tree canopy. Often in pairs, they search for food around streams or on the edge of cliffs in dry forests. In a dangerous situation, he will pull his legs close to his neck and even jump from r...

Galloperdix bicalcarata

Galloperdix bicalcarata

Galloperdix bicalcarata,Ceylon Spurfowl

Features:

The Sri Lankan Galloperdix bicalcarata, also known as Ceylon Spurfowl, is a timid bird that moves close to the canopy. Often in pairs, they search for food around streams or on the edge of cliffs in dry forests. In a dangerous situation, he will pull his legs close to his neck and even jump from roc...

Francolinus pondicerianus

Francolinus pondicerianus

Francolinus pondicerianus,Gray Francolin

Features:

The grey partridge, Francolinus pondicerianus or Gray Francolin, likes to travel alone or in pairs, and is good at forming flocks like other chickens. They fly very fast, often in a straight line. They are extremely vigilant and always hide in grass or bushes, making them extremely difficult to spot...

Francolinus pictus

Francolinus pictus

Francolinus pictus

Features:

Francolinus pictus prefers to live alone or in pairs, forming flocks like other chickens. They fly very fast, often in a straight line. They are extremely vigilant and always hide in grass or bushes, making them extremely difficult to spot. When frightened, most of them fly to higher ground, which i...

Francolinus gularis

Francolinus gularis

Francolinus gularis

Features:It is easily distinguished from the ordinary partridge, the biggest difference is that it has relatively long legs

The swamp partridge, Francolinus gularis, is very territorial, and the males often fight for territory.Swamp partridges like to travel alone or in pairs, and are good at forming flocks like other chickens. They fly very fast, often in a straight line. They are extremely vigilant and always hide in g...

Francolinus francolinus

Francolinus francolinus

Francolinus francolinus,Black Francolin

Features:

Black partridges are known as Francolinus francolinus and Black Francolin. They live in groups and often forage in groups of 10 to 14. Both males and females can produce a high-pitched call that can travel a long distance. It is an omnivorous bird, mainly feeding on wild plant seeds, grain seeds, be...

Francolinus sephaena

Francolinus sephaena

Francolinus sephaena,Crested Francolin

Features:The crest stands upright when frightened

Francolinus sephaena, or Crested Francolin, is a small, omnivorous pheasant bird.When a partridge is frightened, its dark crest will stand upright and its tail will rise 45 degrees as it walks. It feeds on fruits, seeds and insects. The nest is usually built under bushes, but occasionally it is buil...

Coturnix pectoralis

Coturnix pectoralis

Coturnix pectoralis,Pectoral Quail

Features:

Coturnix pectoralis (also known as Pectoral Quail) is a quail that often travels in pairs rather than flocks. It is often active in the plains, wastelands, streams and hillsides where dense weeds or undergrowth grow, and sometimes near arable land. Mainly eat weed seeds, beans, grains and berries, y...

Coturnix novaezelandiae

Coturnix novaezelandiae

Coturnix novaezelandiae,New Zealand Quail

Features:extinct

New Zealand quail Coturnix novaezelandiae (New Zealand Quail), little is known about New Zealand Quail, only from a person named Buhler collected a painting of New Zealand quail to imagine their posture, and from the habits of brown quail to guess the daily life of New Zealand quail: They usually li...

Coturnix delegorguei

Coturnix delegorguei

Coturnix delegorguei,Harlequin Quail

Features:

The Quail's scientific name is Coturnix delegorguei, and its foreign name is Harlequin Quail, and they often move in pairs rather than groups. It is often active in the plains, wastelands, streams and hillsides where dense weeds or undergrowth grow, and sometimes near arable land. Mainly eat wee...

Coturnix coturnix

Coturnix coturnix

Coturnix coturnix,Common Quail, Quail,Caille des blés

Features:The body is small and round, brown with distinct straw-yellow spear-like stripes and irregular markings

The Western Quail (Coturnix coturnix), Common Quail in English, quail in French, Caille des bles, has 6 subspecies. The original Chinese name was designated as "Common Quail" according to the English translation of "Common quail", and was revised to "West quail" in the...