Classification of wild animals

1. Endangered wild animals, such as giant pandas and tigers;

2. Beneficial wild animals, which refer to those wild animals that are beneficial to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and health and health care, such as carnivorous birds, frogs, beneficial insects, etc.;

3. Economic wild animals, which refer to those animals with high economic value that can be used as fisheries and hunting;

4. Harmful wild animals, such as rats and various bacteria-carrying animals.

There are more than 794 kinds of wild animals in the world. Due to the lack of proper environmental protection, they are endangered, and more than 300 species of plants in 76 families are endangered. The above information is only what humans know so far, and it is unknown how many unknown species are disappearing.

I. Wildlife Resources

There are 28 orders, 97 families, 618 species or subspecies of wild vertebrates in the city (excluding fish). Among them, there are 7 orders, 27 families, 142 species of mammals, accounting for about 96.6% of the 147 mammal species in Shaanxi Province; 17 orders, 52 families, 405 species of birds, accounting for about 87.10% of the 465 bird species in Shaanxi Province; 2 orders, 9 families, 27 species of amphibians, accounting for about 96.43% of the 28 amphibians in Shaanxi Province; 2 orders, 9 families, 44 species of reptiles, accounting for about 86.28% of the 51 reptiles in Shaanxi Province.

There are 118 species of national and provincial key protected wild animals, accounting for about 19.1% of the total number of species, including 13 national level I key protected wild animals, accounting for about 2.10% of the total number of species; 57 level II key protected wild animals, accounting for about 9.22% of the total number of species; 37 provincial key protected wild animals, accounting for about 5.99% of the total number of species.

There are golden monkeys, porcupines, badgers, civets, jackals, muntjacs, tufted deer, serow, musk deer, bamboo rats, weasels, etc. in this area, as well as takin, giant panda, South China tiger, leopard, tufted deer, Tibetan pika, golden monkey, Taozhou woolly mouse, Kelan woolly mouse, flying squirrel, rock squirrel, crested ibis, red-winged green pigeon Foping subspecies, gray-breasted bamboo partridge, golden pheasant, blood pheasant, white-crowned long-tailed pheasant, silver-faced long-tailed tit, brown-headed sparrow, wine-red redbird, thrush, orange-winged laughingthrush, spot-backed laughingthrush, white-rimmed parrotbill, yellow-fronted parrotbill, three-toed parrotbill, brown-headed parrotbill, red-bellied tit, green parrotbill, Baoxing song thrush, white-collared thrush and other 65 species of animals endemic to China, accounting for 10.52% of the total number of animal species in the area. Among them, the crested ibis and the red-winged green pigeon Foping subspecies are only distributed in this area and are unique to this area.

The four rare animals, the crested ibis, giant panda, golden monkey and takin, living in the Hanzhong Basin at the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains are known as the "Four Treasures of Hanzhong". Among them, the crested ibis, the "first of the four treasures", is the "city bird" of Hanzhong City.

II. Wildlife in China

1. Wildlife - Carnivora, Ailuropoda family

Scientific name: Ailuropoda melanoleuca

English name: Ciant panda

Distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu, China. Endemic to China, with less than 1,000 in the wild and about 100 in captivity.

Giant pandas (also known as giant pandas) live in high mountain bamboo forests at 2,000-3,500 meters above sea level. They live alone, active and resting both day and night, and do not settle down. Poor vision and hearing, good sense of smell, clumsy body, good at climbing, and swimming. Feeds on bamboo leaves, bamboo shoots, bamboo poles, etc., occasionally eats small animals and bird eggs. The breeding season is spring, the gestation period is 80-160 days, 1-2 cubs are born each time, sexual maturity is 5-7 years old, and the life span is 25-30 years. Beijing Zoo began to raise and exhibit it in 1955, successfully bred it in 1963, successfully bred it with artificial insemination in 1978, successfully raised it with artificial feeding in 1993, and successfully raised twins with artificial assistance in 1999. It is a first-class protected animal in China. It is listed in the appendix of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

2. Wild Animal-Bear Monkey

Also known as Rong Monkey, Mountain Macaque, Assam Monkey, it belongs to the Monkey Family (Macaca assamensis). The bear monkey is slightly larger than the macaque. The male weighs 8-15 kg and is 55-65 cm long. The female is smaller, weighing 5-9 kg and 42-62 cm long. It is cute, fat like a bear, and has a rough temperament, so it is called the bear monkey. Unlike other primates, the bear monkey has more subcutaneous fat and is more resistant to cold than other monkeys. The body hair is fluffy brown and the face is flesh red. Compared with the macaque, it has a large head, a long face, and a prominent snout. The top of the head has a "hair whorl" that radiates from the middle to the surroundings. The hair on the head and neck is light yellow, the body hair is slightly shiny, and there is a lot of hair around the buttocks. The tail is drooping, its length is nearly half of the body length, and the hair is sparse and brown.

Inhabits tropical and subtropical alpine forests. It is a diurnal animal, omnivorous, and usually lives in groups of 20-30. The cry is like a dog barking and slightly hoarse. The temperament is not as active as the macaque, but it is very fast to escape when in danger. It is produced in Yunnan, Guangxi, Tibet, Guizhou and other places. It is a national first-class protected animal.

3. Wild Animal-Formosan Monkey

Also known as black-limbed monkey and rock-dwelling macaque, it belongs to the family of monkeys, and its scientific name is Macaca cyclopis. The Formosan monkey is similar in size to the macaque. The male body length is 44-54 cm, and the female body length is 36-45 cm. The male adult is significantly larger than the female individual, and the tail length is two-thirds of the body length. The body hair is mostly blue-gray slate or gray-brown, and the face is flesh-red. The forehead is bare and hairless, the color is gray-yellow, the head is round and thick, the cheeks are densely covered with thick whiskers, the top hair is draped backwards, and the hands and feet are all black, so it is also called black-limbed monkey. The base of the tail is olive, the tip is gray, and the middle of the tail has a distinct black stripe.

The Taiwan macaque is endemic to China. It lives in rock walls and mountain forests. It is a semi-terrestrial animal that feeds on various wild fruits, leaves, insects, and sometimes steals farmers' grains and fruits. It often forms a family group with one male and multiple females, with a strong adult male as the leader. One baby is born per litter. The life span can reach 20 years. It is produced in the southern and central parts of Taiwan Province. It is a national first-class protected animal.

4. Wild Animals - Pig-tailed Monkeys

Also known as flat-topped monkeys, it belongs to the family of monkeys, and its scientific name is Macaca nemestrina. Pig-tailed monkeys are 54 to 62 cm long, and their tails are less than a quarter of their body length. The whole body is light yellow-brown, with short hair on the top of the head, radiating into a brown flat-top area, like a hat; most of the hair on the tail is short and sparse, shaped like a pig's tail. The hair on the sides of the face and the temporal hair grows obliquely to the back, and the hair around the ears grows forward, connected to each other like a belt. The pig-tailed monkey distributed in Tibet has a darker upper body color, an orange-yellow face, a dark brown back to the tail end, and a red-black neck and back of the head; the top of the head is black, and the sides are khaki-dyed red; the belly is yellow-white or gray-white.

It lives in tropical and subtropical forests or coniferous forests at low altitudes. It lives in trees and likes to live in groups. It feeds on plant fruits and also preys on insects and birds. It is distributed in southwest Yunnan and southeast Tibet. It is a national first-class protected animal.

5. Wild Animals - Sable

Also known as mink, marten, red sable, black sable, and big leaf, it belongs to the Mustelidae family, and its scientific name is Martes zibellina. Sable has a slender body, short and strong limbs, and is slightly larger than the yellow weasel. It is about 40 cm long, with a tail length of about 12 cm and a weight of 0.5 to 1.0 kg. Males are generally larger than females; they have 5 toes. The claws are sharp and curved. The ears are large and erect, slightly triangular. The tail hair is fluffy. The body color is dark brown, slightly mixed with white needle hair; the head is light gray-brown, the ear edges are dirty white, with yellow or yellow-white throat spots; there is brown hair on the chest, and the abdomen is light in color.

Sables live in cold subarctic coniferous forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, and often build nests in tree holes or on stone piles. Except for the mating season, they mostly live alone; they have sharp vision and hearing, and move quickly. Once disturbed, they disappear into the woods in an instant. They often go to the ground or under the snow to feed at night. When food is scarce, they also come out to hunt during the day, feeding on small rodents, birds, pine nuts, wild fruits, bird eggs, etc., and their activity range is within 5 to 10 square kilometers. The estrus period is from April to May every year, the gestation period is 9 to 10 months, and each litter has 2 to 4 pups. They reach sexual maturity after 3 years old. Their main natural enemies are yellow-throated martens and birds of prey. The winter fur of sables is fine and thick, the skin is elastic, and the color is smooth, which is the best fur. It is produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Xinjiang. It is a national first-class protected animal.

6. Wild Animals - Marten

Also known as wolf dung, flying bear, moon bear, it belongs to the family Mustelidae, and its scientific name is Gulo gulo. The appearance of the marten is between a bear and a marten, with a body length of 80 to 100 cm, a weight of 8 to 14 kg, and a tail length of about 18 cm. It has a large head and small ears, a curved back, short and strong limbs, long curved claws that cannot be retracted, and fluffy tail hair. There is a light brown horizontal band on both sides of the body, starting from the shoulder and converging to the base of the tail, which looks like a "crescent", so it is called "moon bear".

The marten is a cold temperate animal. Except for the breeding season, it mostly moves alone and has a wide range of activities. There are traces of it in the frozen soil and bare rocks above streams, river valleys, and forest belts. There is no fixed nest, and most caves have two exits, which is convenient for escaping in danger. It is a nocturnal animal. The marten is alert by nature, moves secretly, is good at swimming and climbing, and can jump freely in the dense forest, so it is also called "flying bear". It has almost no natural enemies in nature. There are developed scent glands near the anus, which have certain defense functions. Using urine to preserve food is one of its unique ways to adapt to the environment. It eats a variety of food, including ungulates, rodents, birds and forest berries. It has a semi-hibernation habit. When breeding, it builds nests in tree holes, cliffs, and cracks in rocks, or occupies the nests of other small animals. It estrus from October to November every year, attracting the opposite sex with roars, and reproduces from February to April of the following year, with 1 to 5 cubs per litter. The number of marten is very small, and it is now endangered and should be strictly protected. It is produced in Heilongjiang and the Greater Khingan Range in Inner Mongolia, and some areas in Xinjiang. It is a national first-class protected animal.

7. Wild Animal - Slow Loris

Also known as slow loris and wind monkey, it belongs to the family of loris, and its scientific name is Nycticebus coucang. Slow loris is small in size and slow in movement, and is a lower monkey, with a body length of 32-35 cm. Two small ears are hidden in the furry round head; the eyes are round and large. The limbs are short and thick and of equal length, the second toe still retains the hook claw, and the tail is short and hidden in the hair. The back of the body is brown-gray or orange-yellow, with a brown-brown ridge in the middle extending from the top to the base of the tail, the belly is brown, and the eyes and ears are all dark brown ring spots.

Slow loris live in tropical rainforests and subtropical monsoon forests, living completely on trees, rarely going to the ground, and likes to move alone. It moves very slowly, and only speeds up when attacked, so it is also called "slow monkey". It curls up in a ball during the day and hides in a tree hole or rests on a branch. It comes out at night to look for food, feeding on plant fruits, insects, birds and bird eggs. It can mate all year round, with a gestation period of 5-6 months. It gives birth mostly in winter, with one cub per litter. It is distributed in Yunnan and southern Guangxi. It is a national first-class protected animal.

8. Wild Animal-Snow Leopard

Also known as Grass Leopard, Mugwort Leopard, Lotus Leaf Leopard, scientific name Panthera uncia, English name snow leopard, Felidae, distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet, Sichuan and Inner Mongolia, etc., a national first-class protected animal.

The snow leopard is similar in size to the leopard, weighing about 50 kilograms, with a body length of 1-1.3 meters and a tail length of nearly 1 meter. The body color is lighter, the whole body is grayish white, the fur is long, dense and soft, and there are irregular black rings or black spots. Its head is small, the forehead is raised, the sideburns are coarse and long, and the black and white colors are alternating. The tail is thick and long, with fluffy and dense fur. The limbs are short and strong, and the front feet are more developed than the hind feet.

The snow leopard is an alpine animal that lives near the snow line all year round. It is one of the cats that live at the highest altitude. The main habitats are three types: alpine bare rocks, alpine meadows and alpine shrubs. Snow leopards hide during the day and come out at night. The peak of hunting and activity is in the early morning and dusk every day. The hunting is mainly based on the ambush hunting unique to cats, supplemented by short-distance rapid pursuit. They prey on various wild sheep or marmots. Sometimes they also attack yaks and bite down calves that have fallen behind. They have a relatively fixed place to live and often use natural caves to raise their young.9. Wild Animals - Arctictis binturong ... It mainly lives in tropical rain forests and monsoon forests in southern Asia, with an altitude generally not exceeding 800m. It is a typical tropical arboreal civet cat, mostly active in tall and dense trees. It is a nocturnal animal, sometimes active in the morning. It has been found to move and forage with gray leaf monkeys and white-cheeked gibbons. Binturongs mainly feed on flowers and fruits of plants, especially fruits of various banyan trees. They mate in February and March every year, with a gestation period of 2-3 months, and usually give birth in mid-to-late May. There are 2-4 cubs per litter, with 2 cubs being the most common. The young can mature sexually at the age of 2. In my country, they are distributed in Yingjiang in western Yunnan, Cangyuan in the southwest, Xishuangbanna in the south, Hekou in the southeast; Longling and Jingxi in the southwest of Guangxi, and Yaoshan in the northeast. Abroad, they are found in Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, India (Assam), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Yunnan subspecies (A.balbirons F.Cuvier, 1822) Southern Yunnan, northern Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Indochina, Nepal, Bhutan. Endangered information: ⒈ China Red Book of Endangered Animals Level: Endangered.

10. Wildlife - Clouded Leopard

Belonging to the cat family, the scientific name is Neofelis nebulosa. It is also known as tortoise-patterned leopard, lotus leaf leopard, willow leaf leopard, and camphor leopard in my country. In the past, they were all over Asia, but now they are endangered because humans covet their beautiful fur and leopard bones.

Clouded leopards are medium-sized, 75-110cm long, and have a long tail that is almost as long as their bodies. Their limbs are short and thick, and they are short and stocky. There are two obvious black horizontal stripes on each cheek of the clouded leopard, and several black vertical stripes from the top of the head to the shoulder. However, the most prominent feature is their canine teeth. Judging from the ratio of canine teeth to head, clouded leopards have the longest canine teeth for cats. This may be related to the fact that they are most closely related to the saber-toothed tigers that lived in the Ice Age 10,000 years ago, compared to other existing cats. The body color of clouded leopards is mainly light yellow-brown and silver-gray, with several dark large cloud-like spots on both sides of the body. The surrounding of the spots is black, the black at the back is thicker, and the center is dark yellow. Some are dotted with some small black spots. The color of their abdomen and the inside of their limbs is yellow-white with round black spots. The patterns on their tails are also different. Some are surrounded by large spots similar to the body patterns, and some are surrounded by incomplete black rings or black spots.

Clouded leopards are extremely shy animals, they always come and go quietly, so people don’t know much about the habits and even the number of wild clouded leopards.

Clouded leopards reach sexual maturity at about 2 years old. In captivity, mating is mostly in winter and spring every year. After a gestation period of 86-93 days, the female leopard will give birth to 1-5 babies. The babies can grow independent at 10 months old. The female leopard may become a mother once a year. The lifespan of clouded leopards is about 11 years, and about 17 years in captivity.

The biggest threat to clouded leopards is still human activities. The continuous destruction of habitats, the hunting of fur and leopard bones, and the hunting of food for survival are all important reasons for the sharp decline in clouded leopard numbers (which also caused the extinction of Taiwan’s unique clouded leopard subspecies). In view of the critical situation, clouded leopards have been listed as Appendix I of CITES, and my country has also listed clouded leopards as national Class I protected animals.

11. Wild Animals - Leopards

Also known as Golden Leopard, Leopard, and Leopard, it belongs to the cat family, and its scientific name is Panthera pardus.

It is similar in size to a tiger, but smaller, and is a large and medium-sized carnivore. It weighs about 50 kilograms, is more than 1 meter long, and its tail is more than half of its body length. It has a round head, short ears, strong limbs, sharp claws and strong retractability. The leopard is brightly colored, with brown fur, covered with black spots and rings, forming ancient coin-like markings, so it is called "Golden Leopard". Its back is darker in color and its abdomen is milky white.

Leopards live in a variety of habitats, ranging from low mountains and hills to alpine forests and shrubs, with fixed nests that are highly concealed. Leopards are extremely strong, with extremely sensitive vision and sense of smell, and are alert. They can swim and climb trees, making them carnivores with a wide range of diets, boldness, and ferocity. During reproduction, they compete fiercely for females, mate in March and April, and give birth in June and July, with 2 to 3 cubs per litter. The cubs leave their mothers in the autumn of the same year and live independently.

Originated in mountainous forest areas of Guangdong. It is a national first-class protected animal.

12. Wild Animals - Tiger (suddenly reminded me of the German Tiger and Panther tanks~ that fierce)

It belongs to the genus Panthera, the subfamily Panthera, the family Felidae, the order Carnivora, the class Theridiformes.

It has a large body and a round head, thick limbs, and a strong physique. The whole body is orange-yellow with horizontal black stripes; the belly is white with obvious black stripes; the tail has horizontal black stripes and the tail tip is black.

It lives in mountain forests and often moves alone at night. It is agile and good at swimming. It feeds on some herbivorous animals. There are several subspecies in my country, which are distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, parts of southern China and Yunnan.

It is a national first-class protected animal.

13. Wildlife - Baiji Dolphin

Also known as Baiji and Baiji Dolphin, it belongs to the family of Beaked Dolphin, and its scientific name is Lipotes vexillifer.

The Baiji Dolphin is a freshwater mammal similar to a dolphin that lives in rivers and lakes. It has a spindle-shaped body, bare skin and no hair, a long snout, and small and degenerate eyes. Its sonar system is particularly sensitive and can detect and identify objects in the water. The dorsal fin is a blunt triangle, and the flippers and tail fin are flat in the horizontal direction. The back of the body is blue-gray, the abdomen is white, and the body color of the newborn cubs is darker than that of the adults. There is a nipple cleft on each side of the genital fissure on the abdomen of the female, and there is a blind hole in front of the anus of the male. So far, the largest female individual found is 253 cm long and weighs 237 kg; the largest male individual is 216 cm long and weighs 125 kg.

The Baiji dolphin lives in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where there are many sandbanks and beaches, and where large and small tributaries are connected to the main stream. They like to live in groups, especially in the spring mating season, when the group behavior is more obvious. Each group usually has 2 to 6 heads. Its activity range is wide, but it has high requirements for hydrological conditions. It often stays in a fixed area for a period of time, and when the hydrological conditions change, it moves to another area. It feeds on fish. The Baiji dolphin reproduces once every two years, with one calf per litter, and its body length at birth is about 80 cm. The Baiji dolphin population is very small. It is a rare aquatic mammal unique to my country and urgently needs to be protected.

It is produced in the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu.

It is a national first-class protected animal

III. All species of golden snub-nosed monkeys

14. Wild animal - Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey

It belongs to the Primate family of the Theridia.

It has a protruding mouth and nostrils that tilt upward, so it is also called snub-nosed monkey. Its face is sky blue, and there are long golden hairs in the light gray-brown hair from the nape of the neck to the base of the tail, and its whole body is brightly colored.

It lives in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests between 2000 and 3000 meters above sea level and lives in groups. It feeds on wild fruits, young branches, leaves, etc.

It is only distributed in Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Shennongjia Mountain Area in Hubei, China.

It is a first-class national protected animal and a world-class rare species.

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