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Complete Guide to Mediterranean Sharks: 24 Common Species, Photos & Key Features

2025-06-06 13:49:45 7

The Mediterranean Sea is home to a wide variety of sharks, including velvet-bellied lantern sharks, blue sharks, sevengill sharks, thresher sharks, great white sharks, and tiger sharks. The Mediterranean Sea is home to a wide variety of sharks, with at least 47 species in its waters. Sharks in the region are characterized by being harmless and demersal, meaning they tend to stay on the seabed. They balance the marine ecosystem by devouring the marine fish they prey on.

地中海鲨鱼

Table of Contents

  1. Velvet Belly Lanternshark

  2. Blue Shark

  3. Sevengill Shark

  4. Atlantic Sawtail Catshark

  5. Basking Shark

  6. Sandbar Shark

  7. Angelshark

  8. Thresher Shark

  9. Spinner Shark

  10. Shortfin Mako Shark

  11. Copper Shark

  12. Small-Spotted Catshark

  13. Big-Nose Shark

  14. Smalltooth Sand Tiger Shark

  15. Spiny Dogfish

  16. Gulper Shark

  17. Great White Shark

  18. Portuguese Dogfish

  19. Tope Shark

  20. Tiger Shark

  21. Hammerhead Shark

  22. Bull Shark

  23. Porbeagle Shark

  24. Nursehound


1. Velvet Belly Lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax)

地中海鲨鱼 - 绒腹灯笼鲨(Etmopterus spinax)

A small deep-sea shark in the Mediterranean, growing up to 40 cm. Its dorsal spines offer defense, while two luminous lines on its sides provide camouflage, making it nearly invisible to predators.


2. Blue Shark (Prionace glauca)

地中海鲨鱼 - 蓝鲨(Prionace glauca)

One of the most widespread sharks worldwide, reaching 2 meters in the Mediterranean. Recognizable by its blue back and white belly, it migrates with ocean currents, feeds on fish and seabirds, and is targeted for its fins and meat.


3. Sevengill Shark (Heptranchias perlo)

地中海鲨鱼 - 七鳃鲨(Heptranchias perlo)

Rare among sharks, with seven gill slits instead of the usual five. Active, inhabiting surface to 1000 meters deep, feeding on bony fish, crustaceans, and smaller sharks. Important for marine food webs.


4. Atlantic Sawtail Catshark (Galeus atlanticus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 大西洋冰川鲨(Galeus atlanticus)

A slender, small shark, up to 45 cm, gray-brown with dark spots. Lives at 400–600 meters, has a black oral cavity and small dark dorsal fins. Inhabits deep Atlantic and Mediterranean waters.


5. Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 姥鲨(Cetorhinus maximus)

The largest Mediterranean shark and second largest in the world. Grows over 9 meters, gentle filter-feeder consuming plankton. Migrates seasonally, harmless to humans.


6. Sandbar Shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 沙洲鲨(Carcharhinus plumbeus)

Large, bottom-dwelling shark, reaching up to 2.5 meters. Nocturnal, feeding on fish, crustaceans, and smaller sharks. Prefers shallow Mediterranean coastal waters.


7. Angelshark (Squatina squatina)

地中海鲨鱼 - 天使鲨(Squatina squatina)

Flattened body, resembling “angel wings,” often confused with rays. Ambush predator, prefers sandy bottoms. Critically endangered in the Mediterranean due to habitat loss.


8. Thresher Shark (Alopias superciliosus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 长尾鲨(Alopias superciliosus)

Known for its long tail and prominent eyes. Hunts by stunning prey with its tail. Lives at 30–45 meters, can live up to 30 years.


9. Spinner Shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna)

地中海鲨鱼 - 短尾真鲨 (Carcharhinus brevipinna)

Medium-sized, agile, and capable of complex jumps. Found in subtropical waters down to 100 meters. Not considered highly dangerous.


10. Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 鲭鲨(Isurus oxyrinchus)

A fast, powerful swimmer, capable of leaping from the water. Up to 3 meters, distributed worldwide, threatened by overfishing for its meat, fins, and skin.


11. Copper Shark (Carcharhinus brachyurus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 铜鲨(Carcharhinus brachyurus)

Slender body, copper-colored back, white belly. Grows up to 3 meters. Feeds on small oily fish, not aggressive to humans unless food is nearby.


12. Small-Spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)

地中海鲨鱼 - 小斑猫鲨(Scyliorhinus canicula)

Yellow-gray body with brown spots. Nocturnal, feeds on crustaceans and cephalopods. Females lay about 100 eggs each time, common in Mediterranean coasts.


13. Big-Nose Shark (Carcharhinus altimus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 大鼻鲨(Carcharhinus altimus)

Notable for its long, rounded snout, grows up to 3 meters. Feeds on small fish and mollusks, often targeted for fish oil and meal.


14. Smalltooth Sand Tiger Shark (Odontaspis ferox)

地中海鲨鱼 - 小齿沙虎鲨 (Odontaspis ferox)

Fusiform body, gray color, five gill slits. Mature females reach 3.6 meters. Prefers reefs and deep-sea habitats, gentle by nature.


15. Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

地中海鲨鱼 - 角鲨(Squalus acanthias)

Up to 1.5 meters, dorsal fins have small venomous spines. Slow-moving, migrates up to 800 meters deep. Feeds on benthic fish, considered vulnerable.


16. Gulper Shark (Centrophorus granulosus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 吞噬鲨(Centrophorus granulosus)

80–100 cm long, gray-brown back, knife-like upper teeth, serrated lower teeth. Eats small fish and squid, can live up to 70 years.


17. Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)

地中海鲨鱼 - 大白鲨(Carcharodon carcharias)

Top ocean predator, grows up to 6 meters. Hunts large fish, birds, and sharks, with a powerful bite and keen sense of smell.


18. Portuguese Dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis)

地中海鲨鱼 - 葡萄牙角鲨(Centroscymnus coelolepis)

Lives at depths up to 4500 meters. Adapted to darkness, feeds on bioluminescent creatures. Robust, dark-colored body.


19. Tope Shark (Galeorhinus galeus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 角鲨(Galeorhinus galeus)

Found nearshore, up to 2 meters, important for coastal fisheries. Females give birth to up to 35 pups, threatened by overfishing.


20. Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)

地中海鲨鱼 - 虎鲨(Galeocerdo cuvier)

Large, robust shark with tiger-like stripes, nocturnal hunter, feeds on various large prey, with powerful jaws and regenerative teeth.


21. Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna mokarran)

地中海鲨鱼 - 锤头鲨(Sphyrna mokarran)

Distinctive T-shaped head, active and social, tolerates a range of temperatures, feeds mainly on invertebrates and fish.


22. Bull Shark (Carcharias taurus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 牛鲨(Carcharias taurus)

Sociable and slow swimmer, widely distributed. Swallows air to regulate buoyancy. Females incubate eggs internally, pups are independent at birth.


23. Porbeagle Shark (Lamna nasus)

地中海鲨鱼 - 鲭鲨(Lamna nasus)

Strong, blue-gray back, fast and agile, can leap out of the water. Feeds on fish and cephalopods, threatened by overfishing.


24. Nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris)

地中海鲨鱼 - 白鳍鲨(Scyliorhinus stellaris)

Yellowish body with brown ring spots, nocturnal, prefers rocky or sandy habitats. Small and highly adaptable species.


Summary

The Mediterranean is home to a wide variety of shark species, each playing a vital role in maintaining marine ecosystem balance. Sustainable management and protection of these sharks are crucial for both ecological health and fishery resources.


animal tags: Mediterranean shark shark species