99 Types of Scorpions

Among the invertebrate arthropods, we find the class Arachnida, which includes the order Scorpiones, commonly known as scorpions or alacrans. Yes, you read that right! scorpions.html">Scorpions and spiders belong to the same class because they are evolutionarily related.

In this article, we’ll explore the various types of scorpions and briefly review the families within the order. If you're curious about how many types of scorpions exist and what they are, keep reading!

How Many Species of Scorpions Are There?

There are approximately 2,000 species of scorpions found across the globe, grouped into 13 families. All of them possess venom used for hunting prey. However, only 30 to 40 species are considered highly venomous enough to be potentially fatal to humans. The rest may cause mild allergic reactions or localized symptoms.

Common Types of Scorpions

1. Argentinian Scorpion (Tityus argentinus)

Native to Argentina, this species has a dark gray body and yellow or brown limbs. It produces neurotoxic venom that can affect both animals and humans, although it's not typically aggressive and only stings in self-defense.

2. Morelos Scorpion (Centruroides limpidus)

One of the most venomous scorpions in Mexico and the world. It can grow up to 12 cm and is known for its brown claws. Its venom causes serious respiratory issues and can be life-threatening if untreated.

3. Common Yellow Scorpion (Buthus occitanus)

Found in Spain, Italy, and France. It has a yellow body with a darker torso. Its venom is moderately dangerous and can be fatal to children and the elderly if stung.

4. Black-Tailed Scorpion (Androctonus bicolor)

With a robust dark body and black tail, this species is widespread in Africa and the Middle East. Its potent venom attacks the nervous system and can be deadly.

5. Emperor Scorpion (Pandinus imperator)

One of the largest scorpion species in the world, measuring around 20 cm. It has a thick black body and is native to West Africa. Though large, its venom is mild and rarely harmful to humans, making it a popular pet.

6. Thick-Tailed Spitting Scorpion (Parabuthus transvaalicus)

Found in southeastern Africa, this species can spray venom over distances, potentially causing temporary blindness and eye damage. It can grow over 15 cm long.

7. Buenos Aires Scorpion (Bothriurus bonariensis)

Common in Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. It has a medium-sized body, and its sting is typically non-lethal. In many cases, the stinger doesn't even pierce the skin.

Other Types of Scorpions (Grouped by Family)

Family: Buthidae

Over 800 species worldwide (excluding New Zealand and Antarctica). Notable examples:

• Afghanobuthus naumanni

• Compsobuthus abyssinicus

• Tityus falconensis

• Rhopalurus junceus

Family: Bothriuridae

158 species from tropical and temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Examples:

• Bothriurus burmeisteri

• Timogenes elegans

• Vachonia martinezi

Family: Caraboctonidae

23 species known as “hairy scorpions” due to sensory hairs. Examples:

• Hadrurus hirsutus

• Hadrurus arizonensis

Family: Chactidae

~170 species in North, Central, and South America. Examples:

• Chactas braziliensis

• Teuthraustes wittii

Family: Chaerilidae

Found in southern Asia, with ~20 species. Examples:

• Chaerilus kampuchea

• Chaerilus cavernicola

Family: Euscorpiidae

59 non-venomous species. The most notable:

• Megacormus grubbsi (short-tailed scorpion from Mexico)

Family: Hemiscorpiidae

~100 species in 12 genera. Some reach up to 20 cm. Notable genus:

• Opisthacanthus (found in Africa and America)

Examples:

• Opisthacanthus maculatus

• Opisthacanthus lecomtei

Family: Iuridae

Found in the U.S. and Asia. Examples:

• Calchas anlasi

• Calchas nordmanni

Family: Microcharmidae

Tiny scorpions (0.8–1.8 cm). 15 species including:

• Microcharmus antongil

• Microcharmus violaceus

Family: Pseudochactidae

Thin-bodied species with light coloration. Examples:

• Pseudochactas mischi

• Vietbocap aurantiacus

Family: Scorpionidae

260+ species, many over 25 cm. Notable examples:

• Pandinus imperator

• Tarsoporosus macuira

Family: Superstitioniidae

Only 10 species, mostly in North America. Example:

• Superstitionia donensis

Family: Vaejovidae

170+ species in North and Central America. Examples:

• Vaejovis brysoni

• Vaejovis electrum

Final Thoughts

Scorpions are fascinating creatures with a global presence. While some pose serious risks to humans, most are harmless and even beneficial in controlling pest populations. Their diversity in form, size, habitat, and venom makes them a significant subject of scientific study.

If you'd like to learn more about scorpions and other wild animals, be sure to explore our wildlife category on the site.

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