What Do Hedgehogs Eat? — A Professional Guide to the Diet and Nutrition of Hedgehogs

Hedgehogs are small, spiny mammals known for their distinctive appearance and nocturnal lifestyle. While they are found in the wild across Europe, Asia, and Africa, hedgehogs are also increasingly popular as pets. But whether wild or domestic, a hedgehog's diet is key to its health, behavior, and lifespan. As an animal expert, this article explores in depth what hedgehogs eat, their nutritional needs, and how to feed them properly.

1. Basic Dietary Nature: Omnivores with an Insect Preference

1.1 Insectivorous by Instinct

Hedgehogs are omnivores, but they primarily consume insects and other invertebrates.

• Common prey includes beetles, caterpillars, earthworms, snails, ants, and crickets.

• Their acute sense of smell and hearing helps them hunt effectively in the dark.

1.2 Plant-Based Foods

• They eat fallen fruits like apples and berries.

• They may also nibble on soft greens or mushrooms.

1.3 Occasional Vertebrate Prey

When available, hedgehogs may consume:

• Small frogs, lizards

• Bird eggs

• Nestlings or small rodents

2. Wild Hedgehog Diet

2.1 Seasonal Variation

• Spring/Summer: Insects are abundant, making up the bulk of the diet.

• Autumn: More fruit and fat-rich foods are eaten to prepare for hibernation.

• Winter: In colder climates, hedgehogs hibernate and cease feeding altogether.

2.2 Habitat Affects Food Access

• Forest edges, grasslands, and farmlands offer rich dietary variety.

• Urban hedgehogs may scavenge pet food or kitchen scraps.

3. What to Feed Pet Hedgehogs

3.1 Commercial Hedgehog Food (Recommended)

• Specially formulated with 20%–30% protein

• Offers balanced daily nutrition and convenience

3.2 Insects (Live or Freeze-Dried)

• Mealworms, crickets, and earthworms are excellent protein sources

• Rotate insect types to avoid nutritional imbalances

3.3 Fruits and Vegetables (Moderate Amounts)

• Safe options: apples, bananas, blueberries, carrots, broccoli

• Avoid toxic items like grapes, onions, avocado

3.4 Animal Protein Supplements

• Boiled chicken or cooked egg whites can be occasional treats

• Never feed fried, salty, or seasoned foods

3.5 Water Supply

• Use a stable, shallow dish

• Avoid bottle-type drinkers which may restrict intake

4. Feeding Guidelines and Cautions

4.1 Obesity Prevention

• Hedgehogs are prone to weight gain

• Total daily food intake should be 5%–10% of body weight

4.2 Balanced Nutrition

• Ideal combo: commercial food + insects + small portions of fruits/vegetables

• Avoid overly repetitive diets that lead to deficiencies

4.3 Allergy and Toxicity Risks

• Introduce new foods gradually and observe reactions

• Avoid cat/dog food (excessive sodium), dairy (lactose intolerance)

5. Diet Adjustments for Special Life Stages

5.1 Juvenile Hedgehogs (Post-Weaning)

• Feed high-protein wet food or specially formulated baby hedgehog kibble

• Ensure consistent hydration and warmth

5.2 Pregnant or Nursing Females

• Require high-protein, higher-fat diets for fetal growth and milk production

• Increase insect protein proportion

5.3 Elderly Hedgehogs

• May develop dental issues—offer soaked or soft food

• Supplement with vitamins and calcium

6. Conclusion: Smart Feeding for a Healthy Hedgehog

Though small in size, hedgehogs have complex dietary needs. Understanding their natural diet and adapting it to a domestic setting is crucial for their well-being.

Combining commercial hedgehog food with insects and limited fresh produce, while avoiding harmful items and monitoring weight, is the foundation of responsible hedgehog care. Whether wild or pet, feeding them right is the first step toward ensuring they lead long, healthy, and happy lives.

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