Why the Giraffe Is in Danger of Extinction

The extinction of species on our planet has become a pressing issue, and many animal populations are rapidly declining. Among them is the giraffe—one of Africa’s most iconic animals. Habitat loss, deforestation, mining, civil unrest, and illegal hunting are among the main threats pushing giraffes toward extinction. In this article, we will explore the conservation status of giraffes, the dangers they face, their habitat and characteristics, and the key measures being taken to protect them.

Conservation Status of the Giraffe

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) was reclassified in 2016 from “Least Concern” (2008, 2010) to “Vulnerable” on the Red List. This change came after a 40% decline in giraffe populations over three generations, from 1985 to 2015.

• 1985 estimates: between 151,702 and 162,452 giraffes

• 2015 estimates: about 97,562 giraffes

Because of this steep decline, giraffes are now legally protected across most of their natural range.

Main Threats Facing Giraffes

Wildlife experts in Kenya and across Africa warn that giraffes are at genuine risk of extinction. While some populations remain stable, the overall trend shows a decline. Each region presents its own challenges, but the most critical threats include:

1. Habitat Loss

• Driven by deforestation, land-use changes, the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming, and rapid human population growth.

2. Civil Unrest and Conflict

• Ethnic violence, rebel militias, and armed operations frequently disrupt wildlife populations and endanger giraffes.

3. Environmental and Climate Pressures

• Mining, agricultural expansion, and climate-driven changes such as prolonged droughts reduce available food and suitable habitat.

4. Poaching (Illegal Hunting)

• Meat: consumed as food

• Tail hairs: used to make fly whisks and bracelets

• Hide: crafted into shields, sandals, clothing, or drum covers

• Tendons: used for stringing musical instruments

• Giraffes are often hunted for their body parts:

• In some cultures, giraffe parts are also used in traditional medicine. For instance, in Uganda, smoke from burning giraffe skin was used to treat nosebleeds, while in Sudan, giraffe liver and bone marrow were ingredients in a traditional beverage known as Umm Nyolokh.

Historically, during the 19th century, giraffes were also hunted as a pastime—another factor that contributed to their decline and reflects the frivolous exploitation of wildlife.

Habitat and Characteristics of the Giraffe

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is a mammal of the genus Giraffa, native to the African continent.

• Range: From Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. They typically live in savannas, grasslands, and open woodlands.

• Physical Traits:

• The tallest terrestrial animal on Earth, reaching up to 5.8 meters (19 feet) in height.

• Weight ranges between 750–1,600 kilograms (1,650–3,500 lbs).

• Distinctive features include short ossicone “horns,” long legs, and a bluish tongue that can exceed 40 cm (16 in).

• Behavior:

• Giraffes sleep very little—just a few minutes at a time—mostly standing up.

• They are herbivores, feeding primarily on acacia leaves and shoots found high in trees that are inaccessible to other grazing animals.

• Predators:

• Lions are their primary natural predators and are capable of taking down even adults.

• Leopards, hyenas, and African wild dogs usually target calves.

• Taxonomy:

• Some genetic studies suggest that giraffes should be divided into four distinct species (G. camelopardalis, G. reticulata, G. tippelskirchi, G. giraffa).

• However, the IUCN currently recognizes only one species with nine subspecies, though this classification is still debated among scientists.

Protection Measures for Giraffes

Several conservation initiatives are underway to safeguard giraffes and reverse their population decline:

1. Habitat Protection

• Establishing and maintaining protected areas, national parks, and reserves to ensure access to food and safe living space.

2. Population Management

• Monitoring giraffe numbers and genetic diversity to prevent isolated groups from dwindling.

3. Education and Awareness

• Raising public awareness about giraffes as one of the world’s most iconic animals and the importance of preserving them for future generations.

4. Wildlife Sanctuaries

• Creating sanctuaries and conservation centers, particularly in Kenya, which also serve as eco-tourism attractions, generating funds and community support for giraffe conservation.

Final Thoughts

The giraffe has shifted from a “Least Concern” species to a “Vulnerable” one in just a few decades. With populations declining at alarming rates, urgent action is required to ensure they do not slip into “Endangered” status. Protecting habitats, enforcing anti-poaching laws, educating communities, and supporting sanctuaries are all vital steps to secure the survival of these gentle giants.

Bibliografía

Muller, Z., Bercovitch, F., Brand, R., Brown, D., Brown, M., Bolger, D., Carter, K., Deacon, F., Doherty, J.B., Fennessy, J., Fennessy, S., Hussein, A.A., Lee, D., Marais, A., Strauss, M., Tutchings, A. & Wube, T. 2018. Giraffa camelopardalis (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T9194A136266699. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T9194A136266699.en. Accessed on 18 June 2024.

animal tags： giraffe