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Birds: different species, definitions, photos, and more

Birds are advanced vertebrates that are adapted to life on land and in the air. Birds in China are divided into six categories: waterfowl, wading birds, climbing birds, land birds, raptors, and songbirds. These six categories are collectively referred to as the six major ecological groups of birds. There are many species of birds, spread all over the world, and the ecology is diverse. There are more than 9,020 known bird species in existence, and more than 1,400 species in China.

Birds (Aves) are a unique category of vertebrates, known for their feathers covering their entire body, their ability to fly, and their ability to lay eggs. Birds are the only existing animals with feathers and play an important role in biodiversity and ecosystems.

  • Scientific name: Aves

  • Main features:

    1. Feathers: Feathers are a unique feature of birds and are used for flight, insulation and display.

    2. Homothermia: Birds are warm-blooded animals and can survive in a variety of environments.

    3. Flight ability: Most birds can fly, but there are exceptions (such as ostriches and penguins).

    4. Oviparous: Birds reproduce by laying eggs, which have hard shells.

    5. Beak: Birds have no teeth, and their beaks are adapted to different feeding needs.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pollination, seed dispersal, pest control.

    • An important link in the food chain.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Birds originated from dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era (about 150 million years ago).

    • Archaeopteryx is considered an important transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.


Bird classification table

Birds include about 30 orders, covering more than 10,000 known species. The following is a detailed classification of birds, including major orders, families, genera and typical representatives.


Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusRepresentative birds (Examples)
Land birds
GalliformesPhasianidaePheasant (Phasianus)pheasant, peacock


Guinea fowl (Numididae)Guinea fowl (Numida)guinea fowl


MeleagrididaeMeleagrisTurkey
WaterfowlAnseriformesAnatidaeAnasWild duck, swan



BrantaBranta
Birds of preyFalconiformesFalconidaeFalcoSaker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon

AccipitriformesAccipitridaeAquilagolden eagle, vulture



MilvusRed kite, black kite
Wading birdsCiconiiformesStorks (Ciconiidae)CiconiaWhite stork, black stork

PelecaniformesPelecanidaePelecanusWhite Pelican, Brown Pelican


FregatidaeFregatafrigate bird
SongbirdsPasseriformesPasseridaePasserHouse sparrow, mountain sparrow


HirundinidaeHirundoBarn swallow, sand swallow


PsittacidaePsittacusafrican gray parrot
seabirdsCharadriiformesLaridaeLarusHerring Gull, Black-backed Gull


Plovidae (Charadriidae)CharadriusGolden Plover, Ring-necked Plover

Albatross (Procellariiformes)Albatross family (Diomedeidae)Albatross (Diomedea)Wandering Albatross
Climbing birdsWoodpeckers (Piciformes)Woodpeckers (Picidae)Woodpecker (Dendrocopos)Great Spotted Woodpecker

Buddha, Dharma and Sangha (Coraciiformes)CoraciiformesCoraciasBlue-breasted Buddha monk
Penguin categoryPenguin Order (Sphenisciformes)Penguin family (Spheniscidae)Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis)Emperor Penguin, Adélie Penguin

Main evolutionary history of birds

Origin

Birds originated from dinosaurs and are descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx from the Mesozoic Era (about 150 million years ago) is the earliest known bird fossil, with dinosaur teeth and bird feathers, and is regarded as a transitional species between birds and dinosaurs.

Evolution and Diversity

  1. Cenozoic Flourish: After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds underwent rapid adaptive radiation evolution, expanding into a variety of ecological niches.

  2. Flight and Adaptation: Birds have lightweight skeletons and streamlined bodies, which provide an evolutionary advantage for flight.

  3. Global Distribution: There are more than 10,000 existing species of birds, distributed in almost all habitats on Earth.


Ecological Roles of Birds

  1. Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Birds such as hummingbirds and parrots maintain plant diversity by pollinating and dispersing seeds.

  2. Pest Control: Woodpeckers and swallows control insect populations, which helps agriculture.

  3. Ecological Balance: Birds of prey such as eagles and falcons are at the top of the food chain and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.


Bird Conservation Status

  1. Habitat Loss: Deforestation and wetland destruction threaten bird survival.

  2. Climate Change: Climate change affects the reproduction and habitat of migratory birds.

  3. Conservation Actions: Bird sanctuaries, such as crane sanctuaries and wetland restoration projects, have been established around the world.


Conclusion

Birds are among the most diverse and adaptable animals on Earth. From songbirds to raptors, from land to sea, birds have demonstrated extraordinary evolutionary adaptability. Through this detailed classification list and bird introduction, users can gain in-depth knowledge of the evolutionary history, classification, and important role of birds in the ecosystem. This not only helps spread knowledge, but also provides a scientific basis for bird protection.

Waterfowl Wading birds Climbing birds Landfowl Bird of prey Songbird
Tympanuchus cupido

Tympanuchus cupido

Tympanuchus cupido,Greater Prairie-chicken

Features:The male bird has two pointed crowns on top of its head and large inflating yellow-orange air sacs above its neck and eyes

The Prairie grouse (Tympanuchus cupido), also known as Greater Prairie-chicken, has three subspecies.Prairie grouse usually live in a relatively small area of a few hundred acres to cover and meet their food and water needs. If food is in short supply, they can also fly several miles for food. It is...

Greater Sage-grouse

Greater Sage-grouse

Greater Sage-grouse,Centrocercus urophasianus

Features:It is the largest grouse in North America

The Sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), also known as Greater Sage-grouse without subspecies, is the largest grouse in North America.Sage grouse do not fly much except up and down trees. Because of their clumsy body, they flap their wings violently when they first take off, and make a ge-ge-ge...

Centrocercus minimus

Centrocercus minimus

Centrocercus minimus,Gunnison Grouse

Features:The lesser sage grouse is about 2/3 the size of the sage grouse and has different coloration and a unique mating ritual

The Lesser sage Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is Gunnison Grouse, no subspecies.The little sage grouse does not fly much except up and down trees. Because of his clumsiness, he fluttered violently when he first took off. When flying, the rise speed is slow, and after reaching a certain height, the w...

Ruffed Grouse

Ruffed Grouse

Ruffed Grouse,Bonasa umbellus

Features:The male bird has a short crest on its head and a square tail, which has a broad black band toward the tip, fanned out

The Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) has 15 subspecies.Shawl hazel chicken is a non-migratory bird, is a forest bird, the breeding season is not in groups, other seasons more into small groups of activities, there are 3-4 or 6-7 a group, there are more than 10. Foraging begins at dawn. When looking f...

Tetrao mlokosiewiczi

Tetrao mlokosiewiczi

Tetrao mlokosiewiczi

Features:Short round wings, not good at flying, strong feet, sharp claws

Tetrao mlokosiewiczi, the Caucasian black lyric chicken, is active in the morning and evening in large forest clearings, forest edges and sunny grass or shrubs, and in the rest of the forest by falling trees, shrubs or grass clearings. It mainly roosts in larch trees at night. In winter, they often...

Lagopus leucurus

Lagopus leucurus

Lagopus leucurus,White-tailed Ptarmigan

Features:In summer, the feathers are mottled, and in winter, both sexes are white

The White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) has five subspecies.The winter white-tailed thunderbird lives in tundra, tundra scrub forests and rocky meadow areas near the North Pole and is very hardy. Like to be active in the woods, sometimes also to the farmland. Most of them move in groups except...

Dendragapus canadensis

Dendragapus canadensis

Dendragapus canadensis,Spruce Grouse

Features:Male and female feather color is very different, male body size is also large, nostrils and feet have feathers, to adapt to the cold

The Fir-tree chicken (Dendragapus canadensis), also known as Spruce Grouse, has six subspecies.Fir-tree chicken activity peaks in the early morning and late evening, pecking at grass. In the summer, this solitary activity on the ground, in the winter may gather in small groups of up to 30 individual...

Dendragapus obscurus

Dendragapus obscurus

Dendragapus obscurus,Dusky Grouse

Features:North America is the second largest grouse

The blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus), also known as Dusky Grouse, is a relatively large grouse with four subspecies.Blue grouse tend to form smaller groups in the warmer months and larger groups in the winter, spending most of their time at the top of trees feeding on needles or pine seeds. In sum...

Dendragapus fuliginosus

Dendragapus fuliginosus

Dendragapus fuliginosus,Sooty Grouse

Features:The plumage is dark, mainly dark gray, stone gray, and brown, with a yellow throat sac

The Sooty Grouse (Dendragapus fuliginosu) is a relatively large grouse with four subspecies.The black grouse is an early adult. These birds live on the ground or in the trees in winter. In winter, it eats mainly the needles of fir and Douglas fir, but occasionally hemlock and pine needles; In the su...

Ortalis wagleri

Ortalis wagleri

Ortalis wagleri,Rufous-bellied Chachalaca

Features:

Ortalis wagleri, Rufous bellied Chachalaca, eats banana fruits, coffee berries and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Protection Level: No Threat (LC).Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is...

Ortalis vetula

Ortalis vetula

Ortalis vetula,Plain Chachalaca

Features:

The Plain Chachalaca, Ortalis vetula, eats banana fruits, coffee berries, and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.Listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) for 2020 ver 3.1 - Not Threatened (LC).Listed in Appendices I, II and III of the...

Ortalis superciliaris

Ortalis superciliaris

Ortalis superciliaris,Buff-browed Chachalaca

Features:

Ortalis superciliaris, or Buff-browed Chachalaca, feeds mainly on banana fruits, coffee berries, and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Protection Level: No Threat (LC).Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecol...

Ortalis squamata

Ortalis squamata

Ortalis squamata,Scaled Chachalaca

Features:

Scaled Chachalaca (Ortalis squamata), no subspecies.Like other pheasants of the same genus, the scaly Crested pheasant eats more leaves than fruit and occasionally pecks at insects. There will be loud and repeated beeps and alarm sounds. Generally in small, monogamous groups, breeding is most likely...

Ortalis ruficauda

Ortalis ruficauda

Ortalis ruficauda,Rufous-vented Chachalaca

Features:It has curly crown feathers, hence its name

The juvenile Crested pheasant (Ortalis ruficauda) is Rufous-vented Chachalaca and has two subspecies.Juvenile Crested Pheasant colonies were composed of families. They walk on branches in search of fruit and seeds. You can fly vertically, but you can't fly long distances. A bird's nest is ma...

Ortalis poliocephala

Ortalis poliocephala

Ortalis poliocephala,West Mexican Chachalaca

Features:

Ortalis poliocephala, also known as West Mexican Chachalaca, eats banana fruits, coffee berries, and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!...

Ortalis motmot

Ortalis motmot

Ortalis motmot,White-bellied Chachalaca

Features:

Ortalis motmot, or White-bellied Chachalaca, feeds mainly on banana fruits, coffee berries, and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!...

Ortalis leucogastra

Ortalis leucogastra

Ortalis leucogastra,White-bellied Chachalaca

Features:

Ortalis leucogastra, or White-bellied Chachalaca, feeds mainly on banana fruits, coffee berries, and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!...

Ortalis guttata

Ortalis guttata

Ortalis guttata,Speckled Chachalaca

Features:

The pheasant Ortalis guttata, or Speckled Chachalaca, feeds mainly on bananas, coffee berries and leaves, and occasionally pecks at insects.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's responsibility!...

Ortalis garrula

Ortalis garrula

Ortalis garrula,Cheatnut-winged Chachalaca

Features:

Ortalis garrula (scientific name Ortalis garrula) and Cheatnut-winged Chachalaca (foreign name Cheatnut-winged Chachalaca) feed primarily on banana fruits, coffee berries, and leaves, and occasionally peck at insects.Protect wild animals and eliminate wild meat.Maintaining ecological balance is ever...

Ortalis erythroptera

Ortalis erythroptera

Ortalis erythroptera,Rufous-headed Chachalaca

Features:It has a reddish-brown head

Brown crested pheasant (Ortalis erythroptera) Rufous-headed Chachalaca, no subspecies.The brown crested pheasant lives in tropical forests and usually plays an important role as a seed disperser. It feeds mainly on banana fruit, coffee berries and tree leaves. Like the pheasants of the same genus, t...

Ortalis columbiana

Ortalis columbiana

Ortalis columbiana,Colombian Chachalaca

Features:The legs are black with slightly larger pinnacles

The Colombian crested pheasant (Ortalis columbiana) has no subspecies Colombian Chachalaca.The Colombian Crested pheasant mainly eats fruits and leaves, and its diet consists of 26 plant species. Like the crested pheasants of the same genus, the diet consists of more leaves than fruit, and occasiona...