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mammals

Mammals are an important group of vertebrates characterized by the presence of mothers feeding their offspring. Notable characteristics of mammals include lactation, body hair, endothermy (warm-blooded animals), and a four-chambered heart. There are many species of mammals, living in almost all ecosystems on Earth, from the deep sea to the mountains, from tropical rainforests to the cold polar regions.

  • scientific name:Mammalia

  • Features

    • suckle:Females have mammary glands that secrete milk to feed their young.

    • Body hair:Most mammals are covered with hair.

    • Endothermic:Maintaining a constant body temperature through metabolism.

    • Four-chambered heart:Mammals have four-chambered hearts to ensure efficient oxygen delivery.

    • viviparous:Most mammals reproduce by giving birth to live young, but some species, such as monotremes (e.g. the platypus), lay eggs.

  • Habitat:Almost all habitats on Earth, including land, ocean, fresh water, polar regions, etc.

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Mammal classification table

Mammals are numerous and can be subdivided based on different biological characteristics. Mammals are roughly divided into three subclasses:

  1. Monotremata: Oviparous mammals.

  2. Marsupialia: Kangaroos, koalas, etc., whose young continue to develop in a pouch outside the mother's body.

  3. Eutheria: Viviparous mammals, the most abundant species, including humans, lions, whales, etc.

The following is a detailed classification table of mammals, including all orders, families, genera and typical animals:

sortOrderFamilyGenusExamples
MonotremataMonotremataOrnithorhynchidaeOrnithorhynchusPlatypus, Echidna


TachyglossidaeEchidnaEchidna
MarsupialiaMarsupialiaMacropodidaeMacropusKangaroos, wombats, possums


PhascolarctidaePhascolarctoskoala


DasyuridaeDasyurusBandicoot, Tasmanian devil
EutheriaCarnivoraCanidaeCanisWolf, dog, fox


FelidaeFelisHouse cat, lion, tiger


UrsidaeUrsusBlack bear, brown bear, polar bear

PerissodactylaEquidaeEquusHorse, donkey, zebra


RhinocerotidaeRhinocerosWhite rhino, black rhino


TapiridaeTapirusTapirus

ArtiodactylaBovidaeBosCattle, antelopes, sheep


CervidaeCervusDeer, reindeer, sika deer


SuidaeSusWild boar, domestic pig

CetaceaBalaenidaeMegapteraHumpback whale, blue whale


DelphinidaeDelphinusDolphins, killer whales

PrimatesCercopithecidaePongoOrangutans, gibbons, monkeys


HominidaeHomoHumans, chimpanzees, orangutans

RodentiaSciuridaeSciurusSquirrels, Ground Squirrels


CastoridaeCastorbeaver


MuridaeMusHouse mouse, vole

ChiropteraVespertilionidaeMyotisSmall bat, big bat

LagomorphaLeporidaeOryctolagusRabbit, hare

Characteristics and Adaptations of Mammals

Mammals are one of the most diverse groups in the biological world. Here are the main characteristics of mammals and how they adapt:


1. Breastfeeding

A notable feature of mammals is that mothers secrete milk through their mammary glands to feed their offspring. This allows mammal cubs to receive adequate nutritional support after birth, increasing their survival rate.


2. Body hair

Almost all mammals have body hair, which not only helps to keep warm, but also plays a camouflage or display function in some species. For example, the white hair of polar bears helps them camouflage in the snow and reduce the risk of being discovered by prey.


3. Homeothermy

Mammals maintain a stable body temperature through metabolism, which allows mammals to maintain a suitable temperature regardless of changes in the outside temperature. This feature allows mammals to survive in a variety of environments, including extreme environments such as polar regions and deserts.


4. Viviparity

Most mammals reproduce by giving birth to live young, which allows the embryo to receive more stable nutritional support in the mother's body and be more viable after birth. Some species, such as kangaroos and koalas, adopt marsupial parenting.


5. Diet

Mammals have a variety of diets, from herbivorous to carnivorous and omnivorous. Some species (such as bats) have even evolved to suck blood. Different diets allow mammals to find living space in a variety of ecological environments.


Summary: Mammals are the most advanced animals with the most perfect physiological functions. There are more than 4,000 existing mammals. Almost all mammals are warm-blooded. Feeding their offspring with breast milk is one of their most notable characteristics. Mammals include nearly 30 orders, including Monotremes, Carnivores, Primates, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla.

Carnivora Primates Rodents Chiroptera Shrews Ungulata Cetacea Lagomorpha Pholidota Proboscidea Monotremata
Madoqua piacentinii

Madoqua piacentinii

Madoqua piacentinii

Features:The smallest antelope

Silver Dik-dik (scientific name: Madoqua piacentinii) English: Silver Dik-dik, French: Dik-dik argente, German: Piacentini Dik-dik, no subspecies.East (1999) estimated the total population on the Somali coast to be 30,000 based on an average density of 2.0/km2 (similar to M.saltiana) and an occupied...

Madoqua kirkii

Madoqua kirkii

Madoqua kirkii

Features:Long mouth and nose

Kirk's Dik-dik (scientific name: Madoqua kirkii) English: Kirk's Dik-dik, French: Dik-dik de Kirk, German: Kirk-Dikdik, there are 4 subspecies.Cuvier's antelope use well-defined routes when crossing their territory. All families mark their territory through a process called the "def...

Madoquaguentheri

Madoquaguentheri

Madoquaguentheri

Features:A small, slender antelope with a long neck and a small head.

Madoquaguentheri (scientific name: Madoquaguentheri) English: Guenther's Dik-dik, Günther's Dik-dik, French: Dik-dik de Günther, Somalia: Ghussli, there are 2 subspecies.The Gunn's gazelle is mainly active during the day, but also active at night, usually until about 3 a.m., and then r...

Litocranius walleri

Litocranius walleri

Litocranius walleri,Kirin Antelope

Features:mammal whose name originated from the somali language

Giraffe (scientific name: Litocranius walleri), also known as Kirin antelope. Its name originates from the Somali word for mammal.Giraffes usually live alone or in pairs, and occasionally 6 or 7 females live together in small groups led by a male. Unlike other antelopes, giraffes do not eat low-lyin...

Nanger soemmerringii

Nanger soemmerringii

Nanger soemmerringii,Sudanese antelope, Sumerian antelope

Features:The general body color is light yellow-brown, the lower body is white, with a clear dividing line

Somali gazelle (scientific name: Nanger soemmerringii) is also known as Soemmerring's Gazelle in foreign languages. There are three subspecies.Once upon a time, the attractive Somali gazelle would gather in large groups of hundreds during seasonal migration. This spectacular sight is already ver...

Nanger granti

Nanger granti

Nanger granti,Grant's gazelle, Grant's gazelle

Features:It has long horns and legs, and its white rump forms a distinct rectangle with the brown back.

Grant's gazelle (scientific name: Nanger granti) is a large, light-haired antelope with three subspecies.Grant's gazelle is migratory, and they migrate seasonally throughout their range, except in areas where there is abundant forage supply throughout the year. The species migrates in herds,...

Nanger dama

Nanger dama

Nanger dama,Fallow deer gazelle, Damma gazelle

Features:It is the largest species of all antelopes.

Nanger dama (scientific name: Nanger dama) is also known as Dama Gazelle, Addra Gazelle, and Mhorr Gazelle. There are three subspecies.Nanger dama migrates for a long time, moving into the Sahara Desert in the rainy season and to the open jungle in the dry season. When in the desert, they live toget...

Gazella spekei

Gazella spekei

Gazella spekei

Features:The smallest gazelle

The Gazella spekei is the smallest gazelle. The Gazella spekei was once considered a subspecies of the mountain gazelle.The population size of the Gazella spekei is relatively small, consisting of five to ten individuals, and occasionally larger groups. The territorial males control the herd and ter...

Gazella marica

Gazella marica

Gazella marica,Sand Gazelle

Features:

Arabian Sand Gazelle (Scientific name: Gazella marica) English: Arabian Sand Gazelle, Arabic: Reem, no subspecies. The Arabian Sand Gazelle was previously classified as a subspecies of the Goitered Gazelle. DNA evidence shows that although the two species are closely related, they represent differen...

Gazella leptoceros

Gazella leptoceros

Gazella leptoceros,Slender-horned Oryx

Features:It is the palest gazelle species.

Slender-horned Gazelle (scientific name: Gazella leptoceros) English: Slender-horned Gazelle, French: Gazelle Leptocère, Gazelle à Cornes Fines, Spanish: Gacela de Astas Delgadas, Arabic: Ghazal abiad, Reem, German: Dunengazelle, has 2 subspecies.Slender-horned gazelles live in groups, usually con...

Gazella gazella

Gazella gazella

Gazella gazella

Features:Dark brown upper body, white lower body, light brown flanks and limbs

Mountain Gazelle (scientific name: Gazella gazella) is also known as Mountain Gazelle and Idmi in foreign languages. There are 6 subspecies.Mountain gazelles gather in groups, usually in small groups of 3-8, sometimes more. The social structure is that of a male leader who has his own territory and...

Gazella dorcas

Gazella dorcas

Gazella dorcas,Dorcas gazelle

Features:One of the most desert-adapted gazelles may never drink water in its entire life

Deer gazelle (scientific name: Gazella dorcas) foreign name Dorcas Gazelle, there are 6 subspecies.Adult male deer gazelles are territorial and will deposit feces within their territory. These feces are deposited in a striking display, with males first making footprints on the ground, then urinating...

Gazella cuvieri

Gazella cuvieri

Gazella cuvieri,Cuvier's Gazelle, Knight's Gazelle

Features:It is the darkest antelope in terms of fur color.

Cuvier's Gazelle (scientific name: Gazella cuvieri) is also known as Cuvier's Gazelle, Mountain Gazelle, Uvier's Gazelle, Cuviers Gazelle, and has no subspecies.Cuvier's gazelles live in small groups of 3-5, sometimes up to 82 in large groups, these groups are composed of females and...

Gazella bilkis

Gazella bilkis

Gazella bilkis,Queen of Sheba's Gazelle

Features:

The Yemen Gazelle (scientific name: Gazella bilkis, English name: Queen of Sheba's Gazelle) is a bovine animal originally distributed in the mountains of Yemen. It became extinct between 1985 and 1986.Protect wild animals and eliminate game.Maintaining ecological balance is everyone's respon...

Gazella bennetti

Gazella bennetti

Gazella bennetti

Features:The skull is fairly short and flat, with an elongated premaxilla that is slightly curved.

Indian Gazelle (scientific name: Gazella bennetti) is also known as Chinkara and Indian Gazelle in foreign languages. There are 6 subspecies.Indian Gazelle marks its territory on piles of feces. Like other gazelles, adult males are territorial and stay in demarcated areas. They will chase away other...

Gazella arabica,

Gazella arabica,

Features:

The Arabian gazelle (Gazella arabica) is an enigmatic gazelle that was hunted to extinction in its Middle Eastern habitat of Saudi Arabia and is known only from a specimen found in 1825 on the Red Sea island of Farasen. The species was listed as extinct on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in...

Eudorcas tilonura

Eudorcas tilonura

Eudorcas tilonura

Features:There are two large white rings around the eyes, a reddish forehead, and long, light-colored ears.

Eritrean Gazelle (scientific name: Eudorcas tilonura) English Heuglin's Gazelle, Eritrean Gazelle, French Gazelle d'Erythrée, German Eritreagazelle, no subspecies.The Eritrean gazelle lives east of the Nile. In the past, the species was considered to be distinct from the Thomson's gazel...

Eudorcas thomsonii

Eudorcas thomsonii

Eudorcas thomsonii,Thomson's gazelle, Thompson's gazelle, Thomson's gazelle

Features:Thomson's gazelle is one of the most famous antelopes. It can turn left and right while running.

Thomson's gazelle, scientific name: Eudorcas thomsonii (Günther, 1884) foreign name Thomson's gazelle, has 2 subspecies.Thomson's gazelles are good at running and are very alert. They run away at the first sign of movement. They are gregarious and often form the world's most spectac...

Eudorcas rufifrons

Eudorcas rufifrons

Eudorcas rufifrons

Features:The cheeks have a red center with a pair of white stripes and a black stripe underneath

Red-fronted Gazelle (scientific name: Eudorcas rufifrons) is also known as Red-fronted Gazelle in English. It has 5 subspecies.Thomson's gazelle is closely related to the red-fronted gazelle, but is easily distinguished from it by its wide black stripes. The front of the body of the red-fronted...

Eudorcas albonotata

Eudorcas albonotata

Eudorcas albonotata

Features:A white ring around each eye

Mongalla Gazelle (scientific name: Eudorcas albonotata) English: Mongalla Gazelle, French: Gazelle de Mongalla, German: Mogallagazelle, no subspecies, a medium-sized antelope.The Mungara gazelle (Eudorcas albonotata) is a species of gazelle found in floodplains and savannas of South Sudan. It was fi...

Dorcatragus megalotis

Dorcatragus megalotis

Dorcatragus megalotis,

Features:

Dorcatragus megalotis (scientific name: Beira, Beira Antelope) is the only species in the genus Dorcatragus of the order Artiodactyla, family Bovidae, and has no subspecies.Dorcatragus megalotis live in pairs or small groups, always led by a male. However, there are larger groups, which usually occu...