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mammals

Mammals are an important group of vertebrates characterized by the presence of mothers feeding their offspring. Notable characteristics of mammals include lactation, body hair, endothermy (warm-blooded animals), and a four-chambered heart. There are many species of mammals, living in almost all ecosystems on Earth, from the deep sea to the mountains, from tropical rainforests to the cold polar regions.

  • scientific name:Mammalia

  • Features

    • suckle:Females have mammary glands that secrete milk to feed their young.

    • Body hair:Most mammals are covered with hair.

    • Endothermic:Maintaining a constant body temperature through metabolism.

    • Four-chambered heart:Mammals have four-chambered hearts to ensure efficient oxygen delivery.

    • viviparous:Most mammals reproduce by giving birth to live young, but some species, such as monotremes (e.g. the platypus), lay eggs.

  • Habitat:Almost all habitats on Earth, including land, ocean, fresh water, polar regions, etc.

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Mammal classification table

Mammals are numerous and can be subdivided based on different biological characteristics. Mammals are roughly divided into three subclasses:

  1. Monotremata: Oviparous mammals.

  2. Marsupialia: Kangaroos, koalas, etc., whose young continue to develop in a pouch outside the mother's body.

  3. Eutheria: Viviparous mammals, the most abundant species, including humans, lions, whales, etc.

The following is a detailed classification table of mammals, including all orders, families, genera and typical animals:

sortOrderFamilyGenusExamples
MonotremataMonotremataOrnithorhynchidaeOrnithorhynchusPlatypus, Echidna


TachyglossidaeEchidnaEchidna
MarsupialiaMarsupialiaMacropodidaeMacropusKangaroos, wombats, possums


PhascolarctidaePhascolarctoskoala


DasyuridaeDasyurusBandicoot, Tasmanian devil
EutheriaCarnivoraCanidaeCanisWolf, dog, fox


FelidaeFelisHouse cat, lion, tiger


UrsidaeUrsusBlack bear, brown bear, polar bear

PerissodactylaEquidaeEquusHorse, donkey, zebra


RhinocerotidaeRhinocerosWhite rhino, black rhino


TapiridaeTapirusTapirus

ArtiodactylaBovidaeBosCattle, antelopes, sheep


CervidaeCervusDeer, reindeer, sika deer


SuidaeSusWild boar, domestic pig

CetaceaBalaenidaeMegapteraHumpback whale, blue whale


DelphinidaeDelphinusDolphins, killer whales

PrimatesCercopithecidaePongoOrangutans, gibbons, monkeys


HominidaeHomoHumans, chimpanzees, orangutans

RodentiaSciuridaeSciurusSquirrels, Ground Squirrels


CastoridaeCastorbeaver


MuridaeMusHouse mouse, vole

ChiropteraVespertilionidaeMyotisSmall bat, big bat

LagomorphaLeporidaeOryctolagusRabbit, hare

Characteristics and Adaptations of Mammals

Mammals are one of the most diverse groups in the biological world. Here are the main characteristics of mammals and how they adapt:


1. Breastfeeding

A notable feature of mammals is that mothers secrete milk through their mammary glands to feed their offspring. This allows mammal cubs to receive adequate nutritional support after birth, increasing their survival rate.


2. Body hair

Almost all mammals have body hair, which not only helps to keep warm, but also plays a camouflage or display function in some species. For example, the white hair of polar bears helps them camouflage in the snow and reduce the risk of being discovered by prey.


3. Homeothermy

Mammals maintain a stable body temperature through metabolism, which allows mammals to maintain a suitable temperature regardless of changes in the outside temperature. This feature allows mammals to survive in a variety of environments, including extreme environments such as polar regions and deserts.


4. Viviparity

Most mammals reproduce by giving birth to live young, which allows the embryo to receive more stable nutritional support in the mother's body and be more viable after birth. Some species, such as kangaroos and koalas, adopt marsupial parenting.


5. Diet

Mammals have a variety of diets, from herbivorous to carnivorous and omnivorous. Some species (such as bats) have even evolved to suck blood. Different diets allow mammals to find living space in a variety of ecological environments.


Summary: Mammals are the most advanced animals with the most perfect physiological functions. There are more than 4,000 existing mammals. Almost all mammals are warm-blooded. Feeding their offspring with breast milk is one of their most notable characteristics. Mammals include nearly 30 orders, including Monotremes, Carnivores, Primates, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla.

Carnivora Primates Rodents Chiroptera Eulipotyphla Ungulata Cetacea Lagoiformes Pholidota Proboscidea Monotremata
Martes zibellina

Martes zibellina

Sable, black sable, Japanese Sable, wood marten, marten, marten, red sable, big leaf

Features:A marten native to northern Asia

Sables are small to medium-sized mammals with 19 subspecies.Sables are good at climbing trees, are agile and nimble, and live deep in the forest. They build nests in rock cracks, tree holes and under tree roots; they usually live in settled areas, but they often wander and migrate due to the abundan...

Martes foina

Martes foina

Stone marten, rock marten, snow-sweeping marten, beech marten, raccoon fox

Features:

The stone marten is a small to medium-sized mammal of the genus Marten, and is relatively small among its close relatives.The stone marten is territorial, and most of them live alone except during the breeding and lactation period; the male nesting area overlaps with the nesting areas of multiple fe...

Martes flavigula

Martes flavigula

Yellow-throated marten, blue weasel, honey dog, yellow-waisted civet cat, yellow-waisted fox

Features:It is the only species of terrestrial mustelids that lives in groups and is known as the "wolf of the mustelid family".

The yellow-throated marten is an animal that lives in forest areas. Due to the reduction of forest area and the fragmentation of distribution areas, the overall number has decreased.In the Mustelidae family, there is also a guy who fights all day long and also likes to eat honey - the yellow-throate...

Ailurus

Ailurus

Red panda

Features:Once the national animal of Sikkim

The red panda is not a bear, and is not closely related to the giant panda. It is only a distant relative of the giant panda, nor is it a raccoon, nor is it a descendant of an unclassified species; on the contrary, it is a long-standing, independent family from its closest relatives (skunks, raccoon...

Sun bear

Sun bear

Helarctos malayanus,Bear, little bear, little black bear

Features:It is the smallest member of the bear family, with a tongue that can reach more than 30 cm.

The Latin name of the Sun Bear is Helarctos malayanus. It has two subspecies (the Bornean Sun Bear and the Nominal Sun Bear). It is the smallest bear in the world.Malayan bears have a strange feature, which is their long tongues. Their tongues can be as long as 20-30 cm. As long as it is for the con...

Melursus ursinus

Melursus ursinus

Sloth bear, honey bear

Features:A bear that dares to confront a tiger head-on

There are 2 subspecies of sloth bears. The tracks of sloth bears are similar to those of humans, but sloth bears can run faster than humans.Early explorers observed "sloth bears" hanging upside down in trees and named this species "ursinus". The sloth bear has a prominent nose an...

Vulpes vulpes

Vulpes vulpes

Red fox, red fox, grass fox, southern fox, fire fox, silver fox, cross fox

Features:One of the fox species that intersects most with our lives

There are 47 subspecies of red fox, which is the largest and most common fox.Red foxes have well-developed hearing and smell, and like to act alone. They hunt at night. They usually come out at night and sleep in caves during the day. Their long tails are moisture-proof and warm, but in remote place...

Vulpes ferrilata

Vulpes ferrilata

Tibetan fox, Xisha fox, fox, grassland fox, Tibetan sand fox

Features:Walking "Emperor of Facial Paralysis"

The Tibetan name of the Tibetan fox is Bojiwama, and there is no subspecies. Tibetan fox, it is estimated that many people know it from the emoticons circulating on the Internet. Its inherently funny "square face" and an expression that is always "world-wear...

Corsac Fox

Corsac Fox

Vulpes corsac, Eastern Coral Fox

Features:It is a long-legged, reddish-gray fox.

Corsus foxes are slightly smaller than red foxes and as tall as a medium-sized dog. There are three subspecies.Corsus foxes live adjacent to other burrowing animals and take over vacant burrows. They are very active during the day, but there are also reports of nocturnal activity. Good at climbing,...

Nyctereutes procyonoides

Nyctereutes procyonoides

raccoon dog, cypress tail, fur dog

Features:It is an animal endemic to East Asia and a very ancient species of the Canidae family.

Raccoon dog is a very ancient species of Canidae, considered to be a species similar to the ancestor of Canidae, with 6 subspecies.貉 generally hide in caves during the day and come out at night. In summer, raccoons live in cool stone caves; in other seasons, except for giving birth, they generally...

Cuon alpinus

Cuon alpinus

Dhole,Jackal, Indian wild dog, Asiatic wild dog, red dog

Features:捕猎能力最强和最难在动物园中繁殖的犬科动物之一

The appearance of jackals is similar to that of wolves and dogs, but they are slightly smaller than wolves and much larger than red foxes. The tooth structure of the jackal shows that it is more carnivorous than the wolf. The jackal is good at swimming, jumping and climbing. It is the most capable a...

Canis aureus

Canis aureus

Asian jackal

Features:It is a nominative subspecies of the golden jackal.

The Asian jackal is a small jackal.The sociality of the Asian jackal is highly developed, and cooperative hunting is their most important work, with a success rate of about three times that of individual hunting. Adult jackals in the group will put half-digested meat into their stomachs and then vom...

Gray Wolf

Gray Wolf

Wolf, Canis lupus, Common Wolf, Plains Wolf, Timber Wolf, Tundra Wolf

Features:People usually call it "wolf".

Grey wolf, Arctic wolf, etc., is usually referred to as "wolf" in human society. There are 38 subspecies and 1 domesticated species (domestic dog).The size of the gray wolf mainly depends on the geographical location, and there are great differences in the distribution area. The higher the...

Nomascus nasutus

Nomascus nasutus

vượn cao vít, vượn đen, Cao-vit Gibbon,Eastern black-crested gibbon, Indochinese gibbon

Features:It is the most widely distributed and most numerous species of gibbon in China.

黑冠长臂猿外文名Cao-vit Crested Gibbon,共有4个亚种。黑冠长臂猿的活动领域比较固定,无季节迁移现象。黑冠长臂猿与其他长臂猿不同之处在于它的种群较大,一般每群有6只甚10余只。社群配偶制为“一夫多妻”制,即一只成年雄性和2只成年雌性组成。只有受到干忧的小群才是"一夫一妻"制。黑冠长臂猿社群的活动范围...

Hylobates lar

Hylobates lar

White-handed gibbon, Common gibbon

Features:White or off-white hands and feet

There are 5 subspecies of white-handed gibbons. Their hands and feet are white or pale white, hence the name white-handed gibbons.The population of white-handed gibbons generally consists of 5-8 members in a family, including one adult male and one adult female, and the rest are semi-adult and young...

Hoolock

Hoolock

Hoolock gibbon, gibbon, call monkey, black monkey

Features:Two white eyebrows are impressive

Hoobrow gibbon is a larger type of gibbon.Hoobrow gibbon was once considered to be one species with three subspecies. In 2006, the IUCN Primate Specialist Group agreed to divide the white-browed gibbon into two species: the eastern white-browed gibbon and the western white-browed gibbon. The Tianxin...

Rhinopithecus strykeri

Rhinopithecus strykeri

Burmese snub-nosed monkey, Nujiang golden monkey, Myanmar golden monkey, black snub-nosed monkey

Features:The fifth species of golden monkey discovered in 2010

Nujiang golden monkey is also known as Myanmar Snub-nosed Monkey and Burmese Snub-nosed Monkey in foreign languages. It has no subspecies and is the fifth golden monkey species discovered in the world in modern times.In early 2010, Fauna & Flora International collected a complete golden monkey c...

Rhinopithecus brelichi

Rhinopithecus brelichi

Rhinopithecus brelichi,Guizhou golden monkey, gray golden monkey, white-shouldered monkey, white-shouldered snub-nosed monkey, cow-tailed monkey, line marmoset

Features:The most endangered and precious golden monkey

In Chinese history, the Guizhou golden monkey was called "Zongyi Beast" and "Guoran Beast". The Guizhou golden monkey has no subspecies differentiation, but some scholars merge it with the Sichuan golden monkey as two subspecies of the same species.Unlike the Sichuan golden monke...

Rhinopithecus bieti

Rhinopithecus bieti

Black Snub-nosed Monkey,Yunnan golden monkey, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey

Features:One of the 25 most endangered primates in the world

The Yunnan golden monkey is also known as the black snub-nosed monkey. It was once called the black golden monkey, snow monkey, big green monkey, white monkey, flower monkey, flying monkey, etc. It is called "Zhijie" in Tibetan, "Zami Puza" in Lisu, and "Baiyao" in Bai...

Shortridge’s Langur

Shortridge’s Langur

Trachypithecus shortridgei, Xiao's black-winged monkey

Features:It is now a first-class protected wild animal in China.

Shortridge's Langur is a primate found in northeastern Kachin State, Myanmar, and northwestern Yunnan Province, China. It was once thought to be a subspecies of the pileated langur (Trachypithecus pileatus).Xiao's black-winged monkeys are diurnal and live in groups of 2 to 15 individuals. Wh...

Trachypithecus poliocephalus

Trachypithecus poliocephalus

White-headed langur

Features:One of the rarest primates in the world, and possibly the rarest in Asia, with a population estimated at less than 70 individuals.

The white-headed langur is named for its food of leaves and is a rare monkey in my country.The white-headed langur is alert, very lively, active, and very good at jumping. The slender body, slender limbs, and well-developed hip calluses are just adapted to the life of living in trees and rocks. They...