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Amphibians: Different Types, Definition, Photos, and More

There are about 4,000 kinds of amphibians, including anurans, anurans, and anurans. Characteristics: 1. Need to spend its childhood in water. 2. It has a bone structure adapted to living on land, has limbs, moist skin, and many glands. 3. The body has no scales or body hair. 4. The tongue is bifurcated, inverted, and can extend outward. 5. Mating and fertilization occur in water. 6. Larvae breathe through gills, while adults breathe through skin, oral lining and lungs.


Amphibia is a type of vertebrate that can live both in water and on land, and is an important transitional group in the evolution from aquatic animals to terrestrial animals. Their life cycle usually includes two stages: aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults, so they are called "amphibians".

  • Scientific name: Amphibia

  • Main features:

    1. Moist skin: The skin is exposed and moist, which helps breathing.

    2. Amphibious: The larvae are mostly aquatic and breathe with gills; the adults are mostly terrestrial and breathe with lungs and skin.

    3. Oviparous: Most of them lay eggs in water, and the larvae develop in water.

    4. Poikilotherms: Body temperature changes with the environment.

    5. Inner ear and vocal organs: Amphibians can usually hear sounds, especially frogs can make sounds.

  • Ecological role:

    • Pest control: Prey on small invertebrates such as mosquitoes.

    • Important link in the food chain: Both predator and prey.

  • Evolutionary history:

    • Originated in the Devonian period about 350 million years ago, it is the earliest vertebrate adapted to terrestrial life.

    • Amphibians are the ancestors of reptiles and are also important links between aquatic and terrestrial environments.


Classification table of amphibians

Amphibians are mainly divided into three orders: Anura (frogs), Caudata (salamanders), and Apoda (caecilians).

Classification levelOrderFamilyGenusExamples
AnuraAnura (Anura)Ranidae (Ranidae)Rana (Rana)Frog, Rana


BufonidaeBufoAmerican toad, common toad


HylidaeHylaAmerican green tree frog, red-eyed tree frog


DendrobatidaePoison dart frog (Dendrobates)Blue poison dart frog, golden poison dart frog
CaudataCaudataSalamandridaeSalamandraFire salamander, eastern salamander


CryptobranchidaeAndriasChinese giant salamander (baby fish), Japanese giant salamander


PlethodontidaePlethodonRed-backed salamander
GymnophionaCaeciliidaeCaeciliaCaeciliacaecilian


water caeciliansFamily (Typhlonectidae)Genus (Typhlonectes)Water caecilians

Main characteristics and adaptations of amphibians

1. Body structure

  • Moist skin: The skin helps with water balance and gas exchange.

  • Differentiated limbs: Most amphibians have four limbs, which are suitable for swimming and jumping.

  • Evolution of the tail: Anura adults have no tail, Caudata adults retain their tail, and Apoda adults are worm-like.

2. Breathing method

  • Gill breathing: Larvae absorb oxygen through gills.

  • Lung and skin breathing: Adults mainly rely on lungs and skin for breathing.

3. Reproduction and development

  • Egg laying in water: eggs are mostly colloid and absorb water easily.

  • Metamorphosis: larvae undergo metamorphosis (such as tadpoles turning into frogs).

4. Environmental adaptation

Most amphibians live in humid environments, but a few species are adapted to dry areas or completely aquatic environments.


Evolutionary History of Amphibians

  1. Early Amphibians:

    • Amphibians originated in the Devonian period, and the earliest fossil records show that they evolved from lobe-finned fish.

    • With strong flippers and lungs, these early amphibians entered land life for the first time.

  2. Development and Diversification:

    • During the Carboniferous and Permian periods, amphibians rapidly diversified and occupied a variety of ecological niches.

    • The emergence of reptiles gradually replaced the dominance of amphibians.

  3. Modern amphibians:

    • Existing amphibians are descendants of ancient amphibian groups, including Anura, Caudata and Apoda.


Ecological Roles of Amphibians

  1. Pest Control:

    • Prey on insects and small invertebrates, controlling pest populations.

  2. Key Link in the Food Chain:

    • Provide food for birds, mammals and snakes.

  3. Ecological Health Indicators:

    • Highly sensitive to habitat changes and environmental pollution, it is an important indicator species of ecosystem health.

Amphibians are one of the oldest and most important vertebrates on Earth. Whether it is beautiful frogs, rare giant salamanders, or mysterious caecilians, they all show the diversity of life.

Urodela Anura Apoda
Parapelophryne scalptus

Parapelophryne scalptus

Nectophryne scalptus, Pelophryne scalpta, Pelophryne scalptus

Anura LC

Features:Small body; the first and second fingers are short, there is a dark brown triangular spot between the eyes, and the anus is covered by a small triangular skin fold.

This toad lives in forest areas at an altitude of 350-1400m, mostly living among fallen leaves or on rocks near small mountain streams. The flow of water in the mountain stream is very small, and there are tall trees on both sides of it, and the environment is quite humid.The scaly-skinned swimming...

Ingerophrynus ledongensis

Ingerophrynus ledongensis

Ingerophrynus ledongensis,Helmeted Toad

Anura LC

Features:Similar to the helmet toad, but the supraspinatus ridge of this species is shorter than the parotid gland, and there is a horizontal indentation where the two meet; with gray-brown markings.

Ledong toad, a species of the genus Bufo in the family Bufoidae, lives in evergreen broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 350 to 900 meters.The skin on the top of the head of this toad is smooth and close to the skull. There are scattered warts and small spiny warts on the back. The male toads are...

Torrentophryne aspiniaYang et Rao

Torrentophryne aspiniaYang et Rao

Torrentophryne aspiniaYang et Rao

Anura LC

Features:The dorsal and ventral warts of adults have no spines or keratin granules on the top; the head, body and dorsal sides of the limbs are gray-brown or light brown-yellow, with no dark spots.

This toad lives in mountainous areas at an altitude of 1800-2100m, often living in streams and their sides. The environment is an agricultural area, where crops such as corn, peas or buckwheat are planted; the woodlands are mostly walnuts, pine forests and broad-leaved trees.There is a cluster breed...

Hoplobatrachus chinensis

Hoplobatrachus chinensis

Hoplobatrachus chinensis,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,Water chicken, frog, green chicken, mud frog, toad

Anura LC

Features:Tiger frogs are large and have high economic value. Like other frogs, tiger frogs feed mainly on agricultural pests.

Tiger frogs often live in water places such as rice fields, ditches, ponds, reservoirs, swamps, etc. below 900 meters above sea level. Their habitats change with different life periods such as foraging, breeding, and wintering. In the breeding season, they mainly move in still water and shallow wate...

Limnonectes fragilis

Limnonectes fragilis

Limnonectes fragilis,Fragile Large-headed Frog,Big-headed frog, crispy frog

Anura LC

Features:Its appearance is very similar to that of the Xishuangbanna big-headed frog, with a head that is almost equal in length and width, a slightly flat head and body, and a relatively long tail.

The appearance is very similar to the Banna big-headed frog (Limnonectes bannaensis). From the geographical distribution point of view, the crispy big-headed frog is only distributed in Hainan Island, China; the Banna big-headed frog is distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi and the western edge of Guangdon...

Yerana yei

Yerana yei

Yerana yei,Anal thorn frog, Ye's anal frog

Anura LC

Features:The skin is rough and the entire back is covered with warts, and the color of the back is mostly yellow-green or brown.

Ye's anal thorn frog is also known as Ye's bulging anal frog. Adult frogs live in and around streams with fast currents. They often hide in cracks or under large rocks during the day and go ashore to look for food at night. Their food is mainly insects. The breeding season is from May to Aug...

Zhangixalus hongchibaensis

Zhangixalus hongchibaensis

Wuxi tree frog

Anura LC

Features:The body and back of the limbs are light green with light brown spots of different sizes

During the breeding season from March to June, the male frog makes a "del, del, del" sound, which is more frequent at night. When mating, the male frog holds the female frog's armpit with its forelimbs. The female frog lays eggs at the bottom of the herbaceous plants near the swamp pon...

Rhacophorus laoshan

Rhacophorus laoshan

Old Mountain Tree Frog

Anura LC

Features:Small body, blunt snout, protruding from lower lip, eyes wider than upper eyelid and nose, with a brown horizontal stripe between eyes

The Laoshan tree frog is commonly found in mixed forests of secondary broad-leaved trees and bamboos at an altitude of about 1,390 meters. The ground is covered with dense bushes and weeds. It is distributed in the Wanglao Mountain in Tianlin, Guangxi, my country. The Laoshan tree frog usually breed...

Liuixalus romeri

Liuixalus romeri

Romer's Tree Frog,Romer Liu tree frog

Anura LC

Features:The head is small and flat, with an "X"-shaped dark spot above the shoulder. The skin on the ventral side is translucent, and its internal organs can be seen through the skin.

Romer's tree frog, a species of the genus Rhacophoridae, lives near the water pits near the sea and in the nearby bushes or grass. Adult frogs prey on ants, crickets, spiders, etc. From early March to September, the frog breeds in the shallow water of still ponds, and the male frog makes a short...

Polypedates hungfuensis

Polypedates hungfuensis

Hongfo tree frog

Anura LC

Features:The body is relatively flat, the eardrum is obvious, and the back is green.

Hongfo tree frog is an amphibian tree frog family, with a relatively flat body, a slightly blunt snout, a nose distance slightly smaller than the eye distance, a distinct eardrum, short and sturdy forelimbs, suckers at the fingertips, deep notches on the edge of the webbed toes, a green back with sp...

Paramesotriton chinensis

Paramesotriton chinensis

Paramesotriton chinensis,Chinese Warty Newt,Water monk, baby salamander, bone-dissolving pill

Urodela LC

Features:Possessing distinct characteristics of cold-blooded animals

The Chinese newt lives in slow-flowing mountain streams or wet grass and gravel bottoms covered with rotten leaves beside the stream. Sometimes it swims to the surface to breathe air, and often lands in the grass in rainy weather. It mainly preys on small animals such as water earthworms, click beet...

Paramesotriton deloustali

Paramesotriton deloustali

Paramesotriton deloustali,Beibu Gulf newt, De's newt

Urodela LC

Features:Large and fat

Habitat: This species inhabits small and medium-sized streams in low-altitude mountainous areas and evergreen forests. It can also be found in small ponds and artificial pools. The water temperature in winter and early spring is basically stable at around 11 degrees Celsius.Habits: This species is m...

Paramesotriton fuzhongensis

Paramesotriton fuzhongensis

Paramesotriton fuzhongensis

Urodela LC

Features:Obese

Habitat: This newt lives in streams in broad-leaved forest mountain areas at an altitude of 400-500 meters.Habits: Adult newts mostly live in places with gentle water flow, often under rocks in the stream, and sometimes on the shore. This newt lives in the Xilin Mountain in Fuchuan County, Guangxi,...

Paramesotriton guangxiensi

Paramesotriton guangxiensi

Paramesotriton guangxiensi,Guangxi Warty Newt

Urodela LC

Features:The appearance is similar to that of the Chinese newt, with a flat and slightly triangular head, and the head is longer than the width.

The Guangxi scrofula lives in mountain streams with a relatively gentle flow at an altitude of 470 to 500 meters. The stream water is clear, the bottom of the water is mostly stones and mud, and the shrubs and weeds on both sides are dense. During the day, it often hides under the rocks at the botto...

Paramesotriton hongkongensis

Paramesotriton hongkongensis

Paramesotriton hongkongensis

Urodela LC

Features:Pretend to be dead when in danger

This newt lives in mountain streams at an altitude of 120-850m, where the water flows slowly. During the day, adult newts hide under rocks in deep pools in the streams, often swim to the surface to breathe air, and often go ashore after heavy rains, moving slowly; they go out at night and prey on sm...

Paramesotriton labiatus

Paramesotriton labiatus

Paramesotriton labiatus

Urodela LC

Features:Slender body, flat head, longer than wide

Spotless newt During the day, adult newts were found hiding under the rocks at the bottom of the water. There were small fish, aquatic invertebrates and other small animals among the rocks in the stream. This newt is in the same stream section as Yaoshan Fatty NewtPachytriton inexpectatusLive togeth...

Paramesotriton longliensis

Paramesotriton longliensis

Paramesotriton longliensis

Urodela LC

Features:The head is slightly flat, narrow in front and wide in the back, with the length of the head significantly greater than its width.

In 2007, experts including Tian Yingzhou, Li Song and Gu Xiaoming discovered a new species of scrofula in Shuichang Township, Longli County, which was later named "Longli scrofula".Habitat: This newt lives in large ponds with gentle water flow at an altitude of 1100-1200m or ponds with gro...

Paramesotriton maolanensis

Paramesotriton maolanensis

Paramesotriton maolanensis

Urodela LC

Features:The eyes are relatively degenerate, and the upper and lower eyelids are closed under natural conditions.

This newt lives in large ponds with gentle water flow or ponds with groundwater flowing out. The vegetation around the pond is lush and the water is clear. It usually lives at the bottom of ponds and is difficult to find. It will jump out of the water when there is flooding. The lens of the eyeball...

Paramesotriton qixilingensis

Paramesotriton qixilingensis

Paramesotriton qixilingensis

Urodela LC

Features:Head length is similar to head width

Habitat: Adult salamanders live in wide and gentle streams in deep mountains. The water is clear and you can see the bottom of the stream. The mountainous area is covered with broad-leaved forests, and the streamside is mostly covered with shrubs. The stream is about 3-5 m wide, with a gentle slope,...

Paramesotriton wulingensis

Paramesotriton wulingensis

Paramesotriton wulingensis

Urodela LC

Features:The body color is dark brown, and the warts on the back of the body are larger.

The Youyang population and Jiangkou population of the new species of Wuling scrofula live in small streams with gentle flow in low mountain broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 800-1200 m, in backwater ponds or clean water beside streams. During the day, it often hides at the bottom of the stream,...

Paramesotriton yunwuensis

Paramesotriton yunwuensis

Paramesotriton yunwuensis

Urodela LC

Features:Large and stocky, with a large and broad head; head longer than it is wide

The cloud newt lives in ponds of various sizes in mountain streams, at an altitude of about 525m. The largest pond is 4m×4m, and the maximum water depth is about 3m. The bottom of the pond is covered with small stones and coarse gravel, and the bank of the pond is mostly granite. The stream flows s...