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mammals

Mammals are an important group of vertebrates characterized by the presence of mothers feeding their offspring. Notable characteristics of mammals include lactation, body hair, endothermy (warm-blooded animals), and a four-chambered heart. There are many species of mammals, living in almost all ecosystems on Earth, from the deep sea to the mountains, from tropical rainforests to the cold polar regions.

  • scientific name:Mammalia

  • Features

    • suckle:Females have mammary glands that secrete milk to feed their young.

    • Body hair:Most mammals are covered with hair.

    • Endothermic:Maintaining a constant body temperature through metabolism.

    • Four-chambered heart:Mammals have four-chambered hearts to ensure efficient oxygen delivery.

    • viviparous:Most mammals reproduce by giving birth to live young, but some species, such as monotremes (e.g. the platypus), lay eggs.

  • Habitat:Almost all habitats on Earth, including land, ocean, fresh water, polar regions, etc.

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Mammal classification table

Mammals are numerous and can be subdivided based on different biological characteristics. Mammals are roughly divided into three subclasses:

  1. Monotremata: Oviparous mammals.

  2. Marsupialia: Kangaroos, koalas, etc., whose young continue to develop in a pouch outside the mother's body.

  3. Eutheria: Viviparous mammals, the most abundant species, including humans, lions, whales, etc.

The following is a detailed classification table of mammals, including all orders, families, genera and typical animals:

sortOrderFamilyGenusExamples
MonotremataMonotremataOrnithorhynchidaeOrnithorhynchusPlatypus, Echidna


TachyglossidaeEchidnaEchidna
MarsupialiaMarsupialiaMacropodidaeMacropusKangaroos, wombats, possums


PhascolarctidaePhascolarctoskoala


DasyuridaeDasyurusBandicoot, Tasmanian devil
EutheriaCarnivoraCanidaeCanisWolf, dog, fox


FelidaeFelisHouse cat, lion, tiger


UrsidaeUrsusBlack bear, brown bear, polar bear

PerissodactylaEquidaeEquusHorse, donkey, zebra


RhinocerotidaeRhinocerosWhite rhino, black rhino


TapiridaeTapirusTapirus

ArtiodactylaBovidaeBosCattle, antelopes, sheep


CervidaeCervusDeer, reindeer, sika deer


SuidaeSusWild boar, domestic pig

CetaceaBalaenidaeMegapteraHumpback whale, blue whale


DelphinidaeDelphinusDolphins, killer whales

PrimatesCercopithecidaePongoOrangutans, gibbons, monkeys


HominidaeHomoHumans, chimpanzees, orangutans

RodentiaSciuridaeSciurusSquirrels, Ground Squirrels


CastoridaeCastorbeaver


MuridaeMusHouse mouse, vole

ChiropteraVespertilionidaeMyotisSmall bat, big bat

LagomorphaLeporidaeOryctolagusRabbit, hare

Characteristics and Adaptations of Mammals

Mammals are one of the most diverse groups in the biological world. Here are the main characteristics of mammals and how they adapt:


1. Breastfeeding

A notable feature of mammals is that mothers secrete milk through their mammary glands to feed their offspring. This allows mammal cubs to receive adequate nutritional support after birth, increasing their survival rate.


2. Body hair

Almost all mammals have body hair, which not only helps to keep warm, but also plays a camouflage or display function in some species. For example, the white hair of polar bears helps them camouflage in the snow and reduce the risk of being discovered by prey.


3. Homeothermy

Mammals maintain a stable body temperature through metabolism, which allows mammals to maintain a suitable temperature regardless of changes in the outside temperature. This feature allows mammals to survive in a variety of environments, including extreme environments such as polar regions and deserts.


4. Viviparity

Most mammals reproduce by giving birth to live young, which allows the embryo to receive more stable nutritional support in the mother's body and be more viable after birth. Some species, such as kangaroos and koalas, adopt marsupial parenting.


5. Diet

Mammals have a variety of diets, from herbivorous to carnivorous and omnivorous. Some species (such as bats) have even evolved to suck blood. Different diets allow mammals to find living space in a variety of ecological environments.


Summary: Mammals are the most advanced animals with the most perfect physiological functions. There are more than 4,000 existing mammals. Almost all mammals are warm-blooded. Feeding their offspring with breast milk is one of their most notable characteristics. Mammals include nearly 30 orders, including Monotremes, Carnivores, Primates, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla.

Carnivora Primates Rodents Chiroptera Eulipotyphla Ungulata Cetacea Lagoiformes Pholidota Proboscidea Monotremata
Norwegian Forest Cat

Norwegian Forest Cat

Skogkatt, Skaukatt, Norsk Skogkatt, Norsk Skaukatt

Features:Cats with Norse mythology

The Norwegian Forest Cat is a cat that lives in the Norwegian forest. It is a breed unique to the Scandinavian Peninsula.There are two speculations about the origin of the Norwegian Forest Cat: The first possibility is that the pirates in the 13th century brought back cats from Asia Minor (Caucus, A...

Bombay cat

Bombay cat

Little Black Panther, Mona Lisa, Mini Ponza

Features:Named after its resemblance to a cheetah

The Bombay cat is a modern breed, bred by American breeders in 1958 by crossbreeding Burmese cats (Black Shao cats) and American black shorthair cats. Because of its appearance similar to that of an Indian cheetah, it was named after the Indian city of Bombay.The Bombay cat not only retains the colo...

Abyssinian cat

Abyssinian cat

Rabbit cat, Ethiopian cat, Aby, Red Aby

Features:Legend has it that the modern Abyssinian cat is a descendant of the ancient Egyptian cat that was worshipped as a "sacred creature" in ancient Egypt.

The Abyssinian cat is one of the oldest known breeds.The origin of the name is not because its homeland is in Ethiopia (formerly known as Abyssinia), but because the report of the first "Abyssinian Cat Show" in the UK stated that it was imported from Ethiopia. The first mention of this...

Japanese Bobtail Cat

Japanese Bobtail Cat

ジャパニーズボブテイル

Features:The tail is only about 10 cm long, one of the cat breeds with a short tail

The Japanese Bobtail cat is a native cat breed in Japan. It is also called the calico cat or the short-tailed calico cat in Japan. This cat has a long history. Some people believe that it was introduced to Japan from China or Korea more than 1,000 years ago. The Japanese believe that calico cats are...

Sphynx

Sphynx

Canadian Hairless

Features:The fur feels soft and silky, like satin, which is unique among many breeds.

The Canadian Sphynx was bred by cat lovers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1966 from a litter of almost hairless kittens through inbreeding and selection, specifically for cat lovers who are allergic to cat hair.The earliest recorded hairless cats were a pair of brothers named Nellie and Dick who wer...

American Curl

American Curl

Curl-eared cat, Fold-eared cat

Features:Cat with curled ears

The American Curl is a cat with curled ears. This is not a physiological defect, nor is it artificially caused, but rather a result of genetic mutation.The American Curl originated in California, USA. Legend has it that in 1981, a female black cat in southern California was covered with soft and smo...

Egyptian Mau

Egyptian Mau

Pharaoh cat, Egyptian god cat

Features:Believed to be a cat kept in ancient Egypt

The Egyptian cat is an ancient breed, and there are graphic and text records of it on tombstones and scrolls in ancient Egypt thousands of years ago.As the name suggests, the Egyptian cat originated in Egypt. In the history of domestic cats, the Egyptian cat may be the earliest. 1400 years ago, imag...

Manx cat

Manx cat

Manx

Features:One of the eight most famous cats in the world, Edward VII's favorite pet

The Manx cat is an unusual tailless cat breed. Its body shape is similar to that of the British Shorthair cat, but its hind legs are longer than its front legs, so it walks like a rabbit.According to legend, the Manx cat boarded Noah's Ark one step later than other animals, and its tail was caug...

Singapura

Singapura

gutter cat, sewer cat

Features:One of the smallest cats in the world

The Singapore cat originated in Singapore. It was discovered in the early 1970s. It is a very small cat. It is the smallest cat breed among all cat breeds currently recognized.The Singapore cat is more active, playful and curious. It likes to run around and even get into the sewer. Therefore, it was...

Havana cat

Havana cat

Havana brown cat, chestnut exotic cat

Features:Cigar color cat

The Havana cat was bred by British animal husbandry experts in the early 1950s. It is a hybrid of chocolate-point Siamese cats and British short-haired cats. Because its fur, whiskers, and nose are all brown, the same color as the famous Cuban Havana cigars, it is named Havana cat, which means cigar...

Somali cat

Somali cat

Features:Cute cats come from genetic mutations

The Somali cat is probably native to Africa. Don’t think too much about it. It actually has nothing to do with Somali pirates.The Abyssinian cat is a famous short-haired cat. It is said that one year, a purebred Abyssinian cat gave birth to a long-haired cat. Biologists found that this was a geneti...

Korat cat

Korat cat

Felis catus

Features:As a traditional wedding gift in Thailand

The Korat cat originated in Thailand and was named after its place of origin, the province of Klong Sor, Thailand. It is known locally as "Sisewat", which means auspiciousness. The Korat cat is one of the oldest famous cat breeds that still maintains its pure bloodline.The handsome silver-...

Sus scrofa

Sus scrofa

Wild boar, mountain boar, pig fat, Eurasian wild boar

Features:One of the most widespread species of all terrestrial mammals in the world

Wild boars are medium-sized mammals with 20 subspecies. They have a sturdy body, a large head and front end, and a small back. They have short, thick limbs, a long head, small and upright ears, and a protruding cone-like snout with an exposed cartilage pad (also known as an arched nose). Each foot h...

Ibizan Hound

Ibizan Hound

Balearic Hound

Features:His sharp features, large erect ears, and bright colors are his distinctive features.

The Ibizan Hound originated from the Balearic Islands. It is a hound with sharp vision, keen sense of smell, and amazing jumping ability. It is one of the most graceful dog breeds among the ancient dog breeds.The Ibizan Hound was originally an excellent shepherd dog, an excellent competitor in dog s...

Griffon Bruxellois

Griffon Bruxellois

Brussels Griffon,Belgian Griffon, Short-haired Petit, Barbazar, Belgian Rough-haired Hound

Features:Belgium's most iconic toy dog

The Brussels Griffon originated in Belgium.In 1880, the Belgian local dog was bred after mating with the pug. It has a pug-like muzzle and short hair, and also has the bloodline of the German monkey face dog. It has become the favorite dog of the Belgian royal family. By the 19th century, people fel...

Canaan Dog

Canaan Dog

Features:Aloof and curious towards strangers, loyal and friendly towards owners

The Canaan Dog originated in the Middle East and was originally used as a guide dog. Now, the Canaan Dog can be used for herding, alerting, tracking and rescue.The ancestor of the Canaan Dog was a wild dog called the "Pariah Dog" domesticated by the ancient Israelites. At first, the Canaan...

Flat-Coated Retriever

Flat-Coated Retriever

Features:Often mistaken for "black golden retriever", but it is not actually a breed

The Flat-Coated Retriever was created in the 18th century by crossbreeding the Labrador, Irish Setter, and Curly-Coated Retriever. It was probably created in Newfoundland.The Flat-Coated Retriever has a strong sense of individuality and an endearing ability to take care of oneself. It is a happy, ac...

Affenpinscher

Affenpinscher

monkey face terrier, effenpinschen, hericium

Features:A dog with a face that looks a bit like a monkey

The Affenpinscher originated in Germany. Its original meaning in German is a monkey-like terrier, and the French describe them as "Diablo" or "bearded devils."The Affenpinscher looks like a cartoon, but in fact it has powerful jaws. If given the opportunity, it can still serve as...

Curly-Coated Retriever

Curly-Coated Retriever

Features:One of the oldest retrievers, with an amazing sense of smell and memory

As the name suggests, the Curly-Coated Retriever has curly hair.In the absence of early records, the exact origin of the Curly-Coated Retriever is subject to some speculation, but there is no doubt that it is one of the oldest breeds of hounds classified as a retriever, and it is generally believed...

Soft-coated WheatenTerrier

Soft-coated WheatenTerrier

Irish Soft Coated Terrier

Features:Ireland's oldest terrier

The Irish Soft-Coated Terrier originated in the 18th century. The Irish Soft-Coated Terrier is believed to be the oldest terrier in Ireland. It is common in Kerry and Cork, but the exact origin is unknown, and it was not known until the 19th century.There is no documented true origin of the Ir...

Norwegian Buhund

Norwegian Buhund

Norwegian Shepherd Dog

Features:Legend has it that he would be buried with the Vikings.

The Norwegian Shepherd Dog is a lively, studious, fearless guard.It is said that the Vikings had a tradition of burying their dogs when they buried the dead. They believed that when the dead were resurrected in the afterlife, the dogs would still be able to guard them. Archaeologists have found six...